Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

academic weapon > MS1: Introduction to Rheumatology > Flashcards

MS1: Introduction to Rheumatology Flashcards

1
Q

most common type of joint

A

synovial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a synovial joint

A

fluid filled joint cavity covered by a fibrous capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 main features of a synovial joint

A

articular capsule
articular cartilage
synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the articular capsule

A

surrounds the joint and is continous w periosterum of the bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

layers of the articular capsule

A

fibrous layer and synovial layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the capsular ligament

A

holds together articulating bones and supports synovium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the fibrous layer

A

consists of white fibrous tissue - capsular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the synovial layer

A

highly vascularized serous connective tissue - absorbs and secretes synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of synovium

A

mediates nutrient exchange betw blood and joint fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the cell types of synovium

A

type A
type B
type C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are type A cells

A

from macrophage - antigen ability = phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are type B cells

A

fibroblast like - rich in rough ER and dendritic processes

produces synovial fluid, hyaluronic acid, fibronectin and collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are type C cells

A

intermediate cell type - precursor to either type A or B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cells found on superficial layer of the synovium

A

type A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cells found on deep layer of the synovium

A

type B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

function of synovial fluid

A

lubricates articular cartilage and nourishment through diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

origin of of synovial fluid

A

from unltrafiltrate of blood plasma and regulated by synovium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how much synovial fluid in a healthy knee

A

2 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is synovial fluid consist of

A

hyaluronin
lubricin
proteinase
collageneses
prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of hyaluronin

A

increases viscosity and elasticity of articular cartilage
lubricates surface betw synovuim and cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

function of lubricin

A

key lubricating glycoprotein - boundary layer lubrication
reduces friction betw opposing surfaces of cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 main roles of articular cartialge

A

minimize friction and absorbs shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

functions of synovial fluid

A

lubrication
nutrient distrbution
shock absroption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does articular cartilage get nutrients

A

avascular and relies from passive diffusion of synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
what are accessory ligaments
separate ligaments or parts of joint capsule
25
what are bursae
small sac lined by synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid - become inflamed following infection or irritation by over-use of the joint (bursitis)
26
location of bursae
key points of friction in a joint
27
desrcibe the nerve supply of synovial joints
rich supply from articular nerves - proprioceptive and nociceptive
28
what is hilton's law
nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering
29
what is arthritis
joint disorder w inflammation and joint pain
30
what is arthralgia
joint pain
31
areas affected in articular arthritis
synovium synovial fluid articular cartilage intraarticular ligaments joint capsule artciular bone
32
characteristics of articular arthritis
deep diffuse pain - crepitation pain and LOM on active and passive movement swelling instability, locking and deformity
33
areas affected in non-articular arthritis
ligaments, tendons, bursae muscle, fascia, bone nerve and skin
34
characterisitcs of non-articular arthritis
painful on active only not passive motion focal tenderness in adjacent regions finding remote from capsule
35
findings of inflammatory arthritis
four cardinal signs systemic symptoms laboratory evidence morning stiffness - severe and lasts for hours may improve w activity and AIF
36
four cardinal signs of inflammation
erythema - rubor warmth - calor pain - dolor swelling - tumor
37
causes of inflammatory arthritis
infectious crystal induced immune related reactive idiopathic
38
example of infectious inflammatory arthritis
Neisseria gonorrhoea or Mycobacterium tuberculosis
39
example of crystal-induced inflammatory arthritis
gout
40
example of immune related inflammatory arthritis
RA and SLE
41
example of reactive inflammatory arthritis
rheumatic fever and Reiter's syndrome
42
causes of non-inflammatory disorders
degeneration pain amplification trauma related to rotator cuff tear repetitive use neoplasm
43
symptoms of non-inflammatory arthritis
intermittent stiffness - daytime gel and only <60 min pain w/o swelling or warmth absence of inflammatory or systemic features day time gel
44
arthritis common in male
gout and spondyloarthropathies
45
arthritis common in female
RA, SLE, fibromyalgia
46
arthritis common in young
16 below SLE and reactive arthritis
47
arthritis common in middle age
fibromyalgia and RA
48
arthritis common in elderly
OA and polymyalgia rheumatica
49
what to ask for in patient's profile
sex age familial predilection race
50
arthritis common in abrupt onset
septic and gout
51
arthritis common in insidous onset
OA, RA, fibromyalgia
52
arthritis common in chronic evolution
OA
53
arthritis common in chronic intermittent
crystal induced, lyme
54
arthritis common in migratory evolution
rheumatic fever, gonococcal or viral arthritis
55
arthritis common in additive evolution
RA. psoriatic
56
arthritis common in acute
infectious, crystal induced, reactive
57
arthritis common in chronic
OA, RA, fibromyalgia
58
what to ask for progression of disease
onset - abrupt/insidious evolution - chronic/intermittent/migratory/additive duration - acute/chronic
59
monoarticular
1
60
oligoarticular or pauciarticular
2-3 joints - crystal and infectious
61
polyarticular
more than 3 joints - OA and RA
62
classification of articular
mono. oligo, poly
63
classification of non-articular
focal - CTS and tendinitis diffuse - polymyosistis and fibromyalgia
64
common arthritis for symmetric joint involvememt
RA
65
common arthritis for asymmetric joint involvememt
gout, spondyloarthropathy
66
common arthritis for UE joint involvememt
RA and OA
67
common arthritis for LE joint involvememt
reactive arthritis and hout
68
common arthritis for axial skeleton involvement
OA and ankylosing spondylitis not so much RA excdpt s cervical common dun
69
what are precipitating events
trauma intake of drugs comorbidities
70
conditions associated w eyes
Behcet's, sarcoidis, spondyloarthritis
71
conditions associated w GI tract
scleroderma, inflammatory bowel disease
72
conditions associated w genitourinary tract
reactive arthritis, gonococcemia
73
conditions associated w nervous system
lyme disease, vasculitis
74
when is xray useful
trauma chronic infection progressive disability monoarticular involvement
75
common xray findings for chronic
calcification joint space narrowing, erosion, ankylosis new bone forms subchondral cysts
76
what is ultrasound for
for soft tissue abnormalities - bakers cyst
77
macroscopic laboratory findings
volume color clarity viscosity mucin clot
78
normal volume of synovial fluid analysis
normal is 3.5 mL ; inflamed up to 25 mL
79
color of normal synovial fluid
pale yellow and clear
80
color of hemmorhage synovial fluid
red, brown or xanthochromic
81
color of non-inflammatory synovial fluid
yellow clear
82
color of inflammatory synovial fluid
yellow cloudy
83
color of crystal synovial fluid
white, cloudy and milky
84
color of non-inflammatory and inflammatory effusions synovial fluid
deep yellow
85
normal mucin clot
4-6 c,
86
clarity, color and viscosity of normal synovial fluid
transparent, clear, high
87
clarity, color and viscosity of non-inflamatorry synovial fluid
transparent. yellow, high
88
clarity, color and viscosity of inflammatory synovial fluid
translucent, yellow, low
89
clarity, color and viscosity of septic synovial fluid
opaque, dirty yellow, variable
90
clarity, color and viscosity of hemmorhagic synovial fluid
bloody, red, variable
91
WBC/mm3 of normal
<200
92
WBC/mm3 of non-inflammatory
200-2,000
93
WBC/mm3 of inflammatory
2000-10000-100000
94
WBC/mm3 of septic
>80000
95
WBC/mm3 of hemorrhagic
200-2000
96
group 1 non-inflammatory
Osteoarthritis, degenerative diseases
97
group 2 inflammatory
Gout, pseudogout, spondyloarthropathies, rheumatoid arthritis, Lyme’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus
98
group 3 septic
Non-gonococcal or gonoccal septic arthritis
99
group 4 hemorrhagic
Hemophilia. Trauma tumors

academic weapon (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions