Klicker Chapter 8

Question 1

In Scandinavia, cremation began in the _____________

Answer 1

Middle Bronze Age

Question 2

Cremation continued as the favored method of disposition until

Answer 2

10th Century AD

Question 3

Cremation’s popularity in northern Europe was based on two new ideas about the afterlife

Answer 3

Cremation kept the spirits of the dead from harming the living
Cremation freed the spirit

Question 4

Widely practices throughout these countries, the stage was set for cremation to remain the disposition of choice

Answer 4

Europe
Greece
Scandinavia
India
China

Question 5

Members of the Cult of Osiris believed those who had shunned evil would have a prosperous afterlife, for which it was necessary to preserve the body in its most perfect form, leading them to embark on what?

Answer 5

Mummification

Question 6

The effects of the beliefs of the Cult of Osiris filtered into what religions?

Answer 6

Hebrew and early Christian

Question 7

Cremation was prevalent in Rome until when?

Answer 7

The first century after Christ

Question 8

Christians emulated _____________- by gradually replacing the ancient tradition with tomb burial which became the preferred disposition for 1900 years

Answer 8

Christ’s entombment

Question 9

When was the first cremation in the United States held?

Answer 9

December 6, 1876

Question 10

How long after the first cremation in the US did the practice become popular?

Answer 10

80 years later

Question 11

The ’60s was a decade of

Answer 11

Change

Question 12

The ’70s was a decade of

Answer 12

Resistance

Question 13

The ’80s was a decade of

Answer 13

Transition

Question 14

The ’90s was a decade of

Answer 14

Fine-Tuning

Question 15

The 21st Century is the

Answer 15

Age of Acceptance

Question 16

During the early 1960s, funeral practice was somewhat typical throughout the US. Almost every deceased body was

Answer 16

Embalmed, dressed, casketed, and a funeral was held and burial or cremation followed

Question 17

If cremated in the early 1960s, what happened to the cremated remains?

Answer 17

They were inurned in a niche or buried in a cemetery

Question 18

Things changed remarkably in 1963. Why?

Answer 18

Jessica Mitford’s book The American way of death was released

Question 19

What stopped Jessica Mitford’s book from gaining more popularity than it did?

Answer 19

Assassination of JFK

Question 20

Instead of responding to consumer change in a positive, creative fashion, what did most funeral directors do?

Answer 20

Resisted cremation and other non-traditional services

Question 21

The funeral directors mindset in the 60s was what?

Answer 21

Traditional funerals were the only appropriate kind of funeral

Question 22

Many funeral directors imposed their own beliefs on families who desired simplistic ways o coping with death, thus creating what?

Answer 22

A roadblock to their caregiving

Question 23

There was a ____________ to not selling an embalmed casket service

Answer 23

Negative Economic effect

Question 24

Most funeral homes did not have adequate facilities to hold these

Answer 24

Unembalmed bodies

Question 25

Funeral directors had ______________________ in dealing with nontraditional families and services

Answer 25

Very Little preparation or training

Question 26

During the late 1960s, the US population was becoming

Answer 26

More diverse and mobile

Question 27

Family structure was changing in the late 60s, and rituals that were appropriate for nuclear and extended families were not as functional for

Answer 27

Fragmented families

Question 28

Society in general in the late 60s was becoming

Answer 28

Non-churched

Question 29

This caused many people to question American tradition

Answer 29

Vietnam War

Question 30

Baby boomers expressed themselves verbally by

Answer 30

Questioning authority

Question 31

Parents and grandparents of baby boomers expressed themselves non-verbally by

Answer 31

Not having funerals for the deceased loved ones

Question 32

During the times of radical social change of the 1960s, many funeral directors were turning their backs on consumers who were not subscribing to

Answer 32

Traditional funerals

Question 33

Funeral homes simply refused to serve whom?

Answer 33

Simple Cremation families

Question 34

Some funeral homes would do what to discourage simple cremation families?

Answer 34

Charge unjustified prices

Question 35

A cremation society in Southern California

Answer 35

Telophase

Question 36

A cremation society in Northern California

Answer 36

Neptune

Question 37

During this decade of resistance to change, the funeral industry received tremendous support from caregiving medical expers and organizations like

Answer 37

Kubler-Ross and the hospice movement

Question 38

What percentage of people die under hospice?

Answer 38

46%

Question 39

Kubler-Ross and the hospice movement Validated this

Answer 39

The reality of grief at death

Question 40

Kuler-Ross and the hospice movement Confirmed this

Answer 40

The need to express grief

Question 41

In the 1980s, funeral homes were changing gears and trying to

Answer 41

Tap into the Simple Cremation Business

Question 42

Funeral directors were learning in the 80s to change their mindset about families who desired cremation, realizing what?

Answer 42

All people grieve, but not all grieve alike or express their grief in the same manner

Question 43

Funeral Directors were discovering cremation as

Answer 43

A means to an end, not an end itself

Question 44

What is the profile of the Cremation Consumer

Answer 44

More Educated Higher Income Less Religious More likely to have moved away from family roots

Question 45

What percentage of people choose cremation to save money?

Answer 45

30%

Question 46

What percentage of people choose cremation to save land

Answer 46

13%

Question 47

What percentage of people are choosing cremation because it is simpler?

Answer 47

8%

Question 48

What percentage of people are choosing cremation because they do not what their body in the earth?

Answer 48

6%

Question 49

What percentage of people choose cremation because it was the preference of the deceased?

Answer 49

6%

Question 50

People are _________ and choosing cremation for themselves

Answer 50

Dying older

Question 51

Migration to _____________ is increasing

Answer 51

Retirement locations

Question 52

Cremation has become

Answer 52

Acceptable

Question 53

These are becoming more important

Answer 53

Environmental Considerations

Question 54

This is rising

Answer 54

Level of education

Question 55

Ties to ________ are becoming weaker

Answer 55

Tradition

Question 56

Greater _________ in memorialization services

Answer 56

Flexibility

Question 57

What are the (8) trends affecting cremation?

Answer 57

People are dying older and choosing cremation for themselves Migration to retirement homes is increasing Cremation has become acceptable Environmental considerations are becoming more important Level of education is rising Ties to tradition are becoming weaker Regional differences are diminishing Greater flexibility in memorialization services

Question 58

Gilligan lists the top ten scenarios causing cremation suits

Answer 58

``` Cremating the wrong body Cremating without authority Cremating without informed consent Cremating jewelry or personal effects Cremating medical devices Co-mingling cremated remains Failure to return all of the cremated remains Misidentification of the cremated remains Mis-delivery of cremated remains ```

Question 59

The biggest liability in cremation is

Answer 59

Cremating the wrong body

Question 60

Legal experts are recommending that funeral homes require this when the family requests no viewing

Answer 60

Identification of the remains

Question 61

Identification certifies that this is

Answer 61

The right person beyond any doubt

Question 62

Identification underscores

Answer 62

Professional responsibilities

Question 63

Identification stresses

Answer 63

the Irreversibility of the cremation process

Question 64

Identification facilitates

Answer 64

The process of grieving

Question 65

Identification should be performed by whom?

Answer 65

The next of kin or their designated-in-writing representative

Question 66

Identification should take place at the funeral home in an appropriate room such as

Answer 66

A small chapel or slumber room

Question 67

What is the recommended procedure for preparing remains for identification

Answer 67

``` Aspirate but do not add cavity Clean the body Close the eyes and lips Remove pacemakers, IV's catheters Wash and comb hair Position body in natural repose Cover with clean sheet ```

Question 68

What are some different options for Cremated Remains?

Answer 68

``` Launch into space Submerged underwater as a reef Memorialized in art Made into Jewelry Keepsakes ```

Question 69

Tossing cremated remains to the wind (knowing wind direction is important)

Answer 69

Casting

Question 70

A shallow trench is dug in the soil and filled with the cremains

Answer 70

Trenching

Question 71

The cremated human remains are poured onto the ground and raked into the soil or garden

Answer 71

Raking

Question 72

Occurs when the cremated remains are scattered over a body of water

Answer 72

Water Scattering

Question 73

When cremated remains are cast from a private plane

Answer 73

Aerial Scattering

Question 74

Cremains can be buried in a hole in the ground

Answer 74

Burial

Question 75

Baby boomers fail to see the _____ in funeral service

Answer 75

Value

Question 76

Baby boomers do not have the same __________ as their parents

Answer 76

Religious beliefs

Question 77

Baby boomers are attracted to these

Answer 77

Personalized and flexible services

Question 78

Baby boomers see funerals as _______ not a social event

Answer 78

Religious event

Question 79

When the baby boomers hears the word funeral, they think of

Answer 79

Church

Question 80

Men over 55 are of the _____ thinking

Answer 80

Throw me in a pine box

Question 81

Women over 55 tend to be

Answer 81

Socially active mothers who want to protect their children from the stress of making funeral arrangements

Question 82

The level of trust in funeral directors is _____ with cremation customers

Answer 82

Lower