L08: Learning And Memory Flashcards
Why is it important to understand how people behaviour
As doctors if we know why people behave the way they do we may be able to change it and promote healthy behaviours
What is classical conditioning about
Conditioning with a stimulus
Describe the stages of classical conditioning
Unconditioned stimulus
Neutral stimulus
Conditioning procedure
Neural stimulus becomes conditioned stimulus
What is an unconditioned stimulus, give an example from Pavlov dog
Food
What is the neutral stimulus about
If you ring a bell in the absence of the food the dog will not salivate
What is the conditioning procedure
Ringing a bell with food makes the dog salivate
What happens with the neutral stimulus
becomes the conditioned stimulus so in the absence of food the dog salivates
Therefore at the end of the procedure what does the conditioned stimulus allow
A conditioned response
Give real life examples of how classical conditioning is widespread
Fear
Pain
How does the little Albert study represent classical conditioning
1) An infant was not scared of rats
2) An infant was scared of loud noise
3) Loud noice and rat was combined which caused fear
4) Rat alone caused fear after conditioning
What is generalisation
When the stimulus becomes generalised to other stimuli that are similiar to the stimulus
What is operant (instrumental) conditioning
When consequences lead to changes in behaviour
What is social (observational) learning
When you learn by observing other people i.e social learning
Name an example of social learning
Boob-doll experiment
What is the boob-doll experiment about
1) children watched adults beat up a bobo doll
2) children was then taken to a room and made upset
3) Children started beating up the bobo doll as the way the adults did
What does the bobo-doll experiment show
A link between media violence and family history leads to violent child
How is memory linked to learning
To learn we need to remember
To remember you can only remember what you have learnt
What are the 3 stages of memory
1) encoding
2) storage
3) retrieval
What is the encoding stage
Process of transferring info from one memory stage to the next e.g from sensory memory to short memory then to long term memory
What is storage stage
Maintaining info
When is the storage stage not temporary
In long term memory
What is the retrieval stage
Process of bringing info from long term memory to conscious level in short term memory
How does the information flow into memory
1) external stimulus
2) sensory memory
3) short term memory
4) long term memory - ready to be retrieved
What is sensory memory related to
Perception
