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Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

study of sounds, patterns, and rules for combining sounds in sentences

Question 2

phonetics

Answer 2

study of speech sounds, the written symbols used to represent their
productions

Question 3

Phone

Answer 3

a single speech sound by a single symbol in the phonetic system

Question 4

Phoneme

Answer 4

unit of sound that carry’s meaning, many productions. don’t change meaning

Question 5

Morpheme:

Answer 5

unit that carry meaning or the smallest unit of language
carrying semantic interpretation

Question 6

Free morphemes:

Answer 6

morpheme that can stand alone cannot be broken down

Question 7

Bound morphemes:

Answer 7

suffixes or prefixes that attach to a free morpheme to alter meaning

Question 8

Minimal Pairs:

Answer 8

Morphemes that are similar, except one sound “Tea” supposed to say “key”

Question 9

Allophone:

Answer 9

alternate form of a phoneme within language. They do not change the meaning Example: “sit” [sɪt] vs voiced “rose” [roʊz]

Question 10

Allographs

Answer 10

Different letters and combinations
to represent the same phonemes
gh-laugh

Question 11

Free Variation:

Answer 11

When allophones can be swapped in certain phonetic
contexts and not affect the word
bah-bat

Question 12

When allophones can be swapped in certain phonetic
contexts and not affect the word

Answer 12

free variation

Question 13

Complementary Distribution:

Answer 13

Allophones that cannot be swapped in certain contexts.
[tʰ] occurs in stressed syllables, as in “top” [tʰɑp].
[ɾ] occurs between vowels when the /t/ is in an unstressed syllable, like in “butter” [ˈbʌɾər]

Question 14

Narrow Phonetic Transcription:

Answer 14

the aspirated and unreleased allophonic variations, errors

Question 15

phonemic transcription

Answer 15

recording of speech sound into phonemic symbols

Question 16

Phonetic Transcription:

Answer 16

Recording of speech sounds using symbols of the (IPA) and diacritic markers.

Question 17

Brackets:

Answer 17

[ ].

Question 18

diacritics

Answer 18

IPA symbols

Question 19

Virgules:

Answer 19

/ /

Question 20

substitution

Answer 20

t/k t/s

Question 21

omission

Answer 21

omission refers to the absence or failure to produce a speech sound
-/k -/bl for uuu

Question 22

blend is considered

Answer 22

1 unit consonant cluster that stick together.

Question 23

Consonants:

Answer 23

Phonemes produced by some narrowing or closing
of the vocal tract.

Question 24

Prevocalic:

Answer 24

“Dog” – The /d/ sound is prevocalic because it appears before the vowel “o.”
consonant blend occurring before a vowel

Question 25

Intervocalic:

Answer 25

singleton consonants or consonant blends that occur between vowels or diphthongs

Question 26

Postvocalic

Answer 26

A consonant or consonant blend produced after a vowel or diphthong; postvocalic sounds terminate the syllable.

Question 27

Initial position:

Answer 27

Refers to a sound that is located in the initial position of a word

Question 28

Medial position:

Answer 28

Refers to a sound that is located in the middle position of the word.

Question 29

Final position

Answer 29

Refers to a sound that is produced at the end of a word.

Question 30

vowels

Answer 30

Refers to a sound that is produced at the end of a word.(open in vocal tract)

Question 31

what are the hardest phonemes for kids

Answer 31

s,l,r

Question 32

Pure Vowels:

Answer 32

Also referred to as monopthongs . These sounds have a single or unchanging quality as they are produced /i/ /æ/ /ɑː/ /ʊ/

Question 33

Diphthongs:

Answer 33

These sounds are made by the quick gliding of two simple vowels so that they cannot be perceptually separated. aɪ ɔɪ aʊ oʊ

Question 34

Syllables

Answer 34

A small unit of speech that has three essential components: onset, nucleus, and coda

Question 35

Open Syllables:

Answer 35

Syllables that end in a vowel or diphthong.

Question 36

Closed Syllables:

Answer 36

Syllables that end in a consonant.

Question 37

place

Answer 37

bilabial, labiodental,linguadental,alveolar ,palatal,velar,glottal

Question 38

manner

Answer 38

stops,fricatives,affricates, nasal,glides,liquids

Question 39

voiced

Answer 39

b d g z v ð ʒ d͡ʒ m n n l r w j

Question 40

voiceless

Answer 40

p t k s f θ ʃ t͡ʃ h

Question 41

bilabial

Answer 41

p b m w

Question 42

labiodental

Answer 42

f v

Question 43

linguadental

Answer 43

θ ð

Question 44

alveolar

Answer 44

t d s z l h

Question 45

palatal

Answer 45

ʃ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ ʒ r j

Question 46

velar

Answer 46

k g ŋ w

Question 47

glottal

Answer 47

h ʔ

Question 48

stops

Answer 48

p b t d k g

Question 49

fricatives

Answer 49

s z f v ʃ θ ð h ʒ

Question 50

affricatives

Answer 50

t͡ʃ d͡ʒ

Question 51

nasals

Answer 51

m n ŋ

Question 52

glides

Answer 52

w j

Question 53

liquids

Answer 53

l r

Question 54

Three component classification system:

Answer 54

1. Position of the tongue in the mouth/shape of the pharynx 2. Roundedness 3. Tenseness

Question 55

Classification of tongue positioning based on two elements

Answer 55

Tongue height 2. Tongue advancement

Question 56

High-Front:

Answer 56

/i/ and /ɪ/

Question 57

Mid-Front:

Answer 57

/e/ and /ɛ/

Question 58

Low-Front:

Answer 58

/æ/

Question 59

Mid-Central:

Answer 59

/ɚ/, /ɝ/, /ə/, and /ʌ/

Question 60

High-Back:

Answer 60

/u/ and /ʊ/

Question 61

Mid-Back:

Answer 61

/o/ and /ɔ/

Question 62

Low-Back:

Answer 62

ɑ

Question 63

Tense Vowels:

Answer 63

Longer in duration and produced with more muscular tension. / ɝ/ /i/ /e/ /u/ /o/ / ɔ /

Question 64

Lax Vowels:

Answer 64

Shorter in duration and produced with less muscular exertion / ɝ/ /i/ /e/ /u/ /o/ / ɔ /

Question 65

Coarticulation

Answer 65

influence that sounds have on other sounds when they come together words, phrases, and sentences. | \

Question 66

adaptations

Answer 66

Articulatory movement variations that change the shape of the vocal tract

Question 67

Assimilation

Answer 67

The modification may be extreme and therefore a perceptual change is detected. "dogs" [dɔɡz]

Question 68

phonotactics

Answer 68

The rules for combining sounds.

Question 69

Morphophonemics

Answer 69

include the sound changes that occur due to the modification of free morphemes dogs(plural z) cats- plural s wash-t bath -d

Question 70

Suprasegmental Aspects of Speech

Answer 70

properties of speech that are associated with words, phrases, sentences and continuous speech

Question 71

Pitch

Answer 71

variable sensory experience as a result of changing frequency of vocal fold vibration

Question 72

Stress

Answer 72

when emphasis is placed on certain syllables  Produced by higher pitch, longer vowel duration, and increased intensity  Intonation: is the pattern of pitch and stress in a individual’s speech

Question 73

Rate of speech:

Answer 73

the number or words, syllables, or phonemes produced per second.

Question 74

Juncture

Answer 74

allows for semantic or grammatical distinctions in speech such as pausing. "I scream" (verb + noun) – "Ice cream" (noun0