TISSUES
group of similar cells that carry out the same function
name 4 types of tissue
epithelium
skeletal
muscle
connective tissue
- what is epithelium
- some functions
- how its defined/named
what?
- sheet of tightly packed cells
functions;
- boundary between compartments
- control fluxes of material
- protection layer
- transporting epithelium
how is it defined? according to 1) no of layers e.g. - 1 layer ; SIMPLE - 1 layer but looks like many : PSEUDOSTRATIFIED - MORE than 1 layer ; STRATIFIED
2) cell types and their shape
epithelial cells are POLARISED ; explain (structure , sides etc)
- apical side ; usually have microvilli or cilia to increase SA
- basal side ; attached to basement membrane which is attatched to connective tissue
simple squamous epithelium lining blood vessels is called
ENDOTHELIUM
simple squamous aka
mesothelial lining
follicle ;
sac of cells with a cavity inside
simple cuboidal epithelium
- found?
- nucleus located?
found ; tubules of kidneys, and ducts of salivary glands and pancreas
- can be anywhere ; apical, middle or basal nuclei = POLARITY OF NUCLEI
MICROVILLI;
- what are they?
- found?
- function?
- small projections of the plasma membrane
- on the apical side
- increase SA
SIMPLE COLUMNAR ; found?
small intestine an stomach lining
stratified epithelium ; function is usually ? bcos ?
how is it named ?
- protective as its so thick
- according to TOP layer
transitional epithelium
- aka
- found where?
- features
- stratified columnar ?
- urinary tract
- waterproof and expansive
stratified squamous is found ;
- oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus
- anal canal, cervix , vagina
pseudostratified
- looks like
- found
- looks stratified but theres only one nucleus they are just at different levels -s one nearer the basal or apical side etc
- trachea
connective tissue divides into ;
- fibrous ; collagenous or elastin
- fibro-cellular ; areolar (loose) or adipose (white & brown)
fibrous and fibrocellular CT ; resident cells ?
- transient cells?
- extracellular matrix
resident cells ; adipocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts
transient cells ; e.g. lymphocytes
extracellular matrix ; fibres can be collagenous or elastin
ground substance ; GAG’s & proteoGLYCANS
EG of fibrous connective tissue
- collagenous
- elastin
- tendon
- ligaments
how to differentiate between tendons and ligaments histologically
v hard ;
definitions ; tendons ; muscle to bone (different colours)
ligaments ; bone to bone (same colour)
transient vs resident cells
resident cells ; always present in particular CT
transient cells ; only present when they are needed
fibrocellular CT; areolar
-resident and transient cells
resident ; adipocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells
transient cells ; lymphocytes, monocytes , plasma cells \
ground substance aka
- DEF
- consists of ?
AMORPHOUS MATRIX
- transparent material that has the properties of a semi gel fluid
- made up of GAG’s ; hyaluronic acid the most predominant & proteoGLYCANS; 95% carbohydrates - heparin sulphate for e.g.
nervous tissue
-3 main types
- neurones , CT , Glia
3 types of neurones
- multipolar (motor)
- pseudounipolar (sensory)
- bipolar
must recognise diagrams
connective tissue for peripheral nerves
- name 3 layers
- epineurium, perineurium, endonerium (from SF to deep)
