L11 - Ocular Blood Supply

Question 1

What are the three main types of vessels found in the eye and its adnexa, and how are they color-coded in diagrams?

Answer 1

Arteries (red), veins (blue), lymphatic vessels (green).

Question 2

What are the main components of the ocular circulatory system?

Answer 2

Carotid artery, ophthalmic artery, branches of the ophthalmic artery, veins of the orbit, lymphatic drainage.

Question 3

What is the function of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 3

Supplies oxygenated blood to the brain and eyes.

Question 4

From which artery does the ophthalmic artery arise?

Answer 4

The cerebral part of the internal carotid artery.

Question 5

Through which structure does the ophthalmic artery enter the orbit?

Answer 5

Through the optic canal, alongside the optic nerve.

Question 6

What are the two terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery?

Answer 6

Supratrochlear and dorsal nasal arteries.

Question 7

What is the function of the ophthalmic artery?

Answer 7

Provides an arterial supply to orbital structures (eye, optic nerve, extra-ocular muscles, eyelids) and adjacent structures (nose, forehead).

Question 8

Name three branches of the ophthalmic artery.

Answer 8

Central retinal artery, lacrimal artery, supra-orbital artery.

Also: short and long posterior ciliary, anterior ethmoidal, medial palpebral arteries, muscular and recurrent meningeal branches.

Question 9

What are the two main groups of branches from the ophthalmic artery?

Answer 9

Orbital group and ocular group.

Question 10

Which artery supplies the lacrimal gland, eyelid, and conjunctiva?

Answer 10

Lacrimal artery.

Question 11

Which nerve and vein accompany the lacrimal artery?

Answer 11

Lacrimal nerve and lacrimal vein.

Question 12

Which artery supplies the superior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris muscle, upper lid, and skin of the forehead?

Answer 12

Supraorbital artery.

Question 13

Through which notch does the supraorbital artery exit the orbit?

Answer 13

Supra-orbital notch.

Question 14

Which arteries supply the dura mater, ethmoidal air cells, frontal sinus, nasal septum, and lateral nasal wall?

Answer 14

Anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries.

Question 15

Which artery supplies the optic nerve and the retinal layer?

Answer 15

Central retinal artery.

Question 16

What are the main branches of the central retinal artery within the retina?

Answer 16

Temporal and nasal branches.

Question 17

What are the three groups of ciliary arteries?

Answer 17

Long posterior ciliary arteries, short posterior ciliary arteries, anterior ciliary arteries.

Question 18

What is the function of the long posterior ciliary arteries?

Answer 18

Provide arterial supply to the iris and form the major and minor arterial circles of the iris.

Question 19

What is the function of the short posterior ciliary arteries?

Answer 19

Supply the sclera, ciliary processes, optic disc, and extend branches into the choroid layer.

Question 20

What is the function of the anterior ciliary arteries?

Answer 20

Provide arterial supply to the rectus muscle, sclera, conjunctiva, and iris; anastomose with the major arterial circle of the iris.

Question 21

What is the function of the muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery?

Answer 21

Provide arterial supply to the extra-ocular muscles and give off anterior ciliary arteries.

Question 22

Name two arcades supplying the eyelid.

Answer 22

Marginal arcade (anterior to the tarsus) and peripheral arcade (between the levator muscle and the Muller muscle).

Question 23

Which artery also supplies the eyelid?

Answer 23

Lacrimal artery.

Question 24

What are the main components of the ocular vascular system?

Answer 24

Carotid artery, ophthalmic artery, branches of the ophthalmic artery, veins of the orbit, lymphatic drainage.

Question 25

Name two main veins of the orbital group.

Answer 25

Superior ophthalmic vein and inferior ophthalmic vein.

Question 26

Name two veins of the optical group (veins of the eyeball).

Answer 26

Bulb of the vorticose vein and vorticose veins.

Question 27

Where does the superior ophthalmic vein originate and where does it drain?

Answer 27

Originates on the naso-frontal vein at the inner angle of the orbit and drains into the cavernous sinus.

Question 28

Which veins does the superior ophthalmic vein receive as tributaries?

Answer 28

Ethmoidal and vorticose veins.

Question 29

Where does the inferior ophthalmic vein run and where does it drain?

Answer 29

Runs along the inferior orbital wall, on the surface of the inferior rectus muscle, and drains into the cavernous sinus (either separately or with the superior ophthalmic vein).