L12

Question 1

The word hormone was coined by …. in 1905.

Answer 1

Ernest Henry Starling

Question 2

…. discovered Secretin in 1902 at UCL.

Answer 2

Bayliss and Starling

Question 3

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: pancreas

Answer 3

insulin, glucagon

glucose metabolism

Question 4

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: kidneys

Answer 4

renin - blood pressur (BP)
erythropoeitin - red cell production
vitamin D3 - plasma calcium

Question 5

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: liver

Answer 5

insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF-I and IGF-II)

growth

Question 6

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: heart

Answer 6

Atrial Natriuretic factor (ANF)

Na excretion by kidneys

Question 7

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: Fat cells

Answer 7

Leptin

regulates appetite

Question 8

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: Gastro-Intestinal Tract

Answer 8

Gastrin, Secretin, Cholecystokinin

digestive processes

Question 9

HORMONES regulate:

Answer 9

1] Growth, development of physical, sexual and mental characteristics

2] Utilization of nutrients by cells

3] Adjustment of salt and water balance

4] Metabolic Rate

5] Dealing with Stress

Question 10

HORMONES regulate 1] Growth, development of physical, sexual

and mental characteristics by hormones:

Answer 10

(Growth Hormone, thyroid hormones, testosterone /,estrogens)

Question 11

HORMONES regulate 2] Utilization of nutrients by cells by hormones

Answer 11

(insulin, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone,

adrenaline)

Question 12

HORMONES regulate 3] Adjustment of salt and water balance by hormones

Answer 12

(aldosterone, vasopressin (ADH), Atrial Naturiatic Factor (ANF))

Question 13

HORMONES regulate 4] Metabolic Rate by hormones

Answer 13

(thyroid Hormones)

Question 14

HORMONES regulate 5] Dealing with Stress by hormones

Answer 14

(Cortisol, adrenaline)

Question 15

2 types of Hormones

Answer 15

Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic

Question 16

Hydrophilic hormones:

cell entrance:

hormone storage:

examples:

Answer 16

will not enter cells and so has to bind to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS

Receptors are INTEGRAL
membrane proteins

Hormones can be stored in
secretory granules/vesicles

e.g adrenaline, Growth Hormone
vasopressin

Question 17

Hydrophobic hormones:

cell entrance:

hormone storage:

examples:

Answer 17

Will enter cells and RECEPTOR is a SOLUBLE PROTEIN inside the cytoplasm and can enter nucleus

Hormones cannot be stored and are synthesised on demand

e.g estrogens thyroid hormones T3 or Vitamin D3

Question 18

The response of a cell to a hormone is determined by …

The more …, the higher the response.

Answer 18

the number of Receptors.
the receptors

Receptor number is regulated ! You can down regulate or up regulate receptor number.

Question 19

… (3) residues in proteins can by phosphorylated by ATP.

Phosphorylation can change the ‘activity’ status of the protein. e.g. an enzyme can be ‘activated’ or ‘deactivated’ .

Answer 19

Serine, threonine and tyrosine

Question 20

Phosphorylated proteins are dephosphorylated by enzymes called ….

Answer 20

phosphatases

Question 21

Hormones such as:
(3)….
bind to their cell surface receptors and stimulate tyrosine kinase activity

Answer 21

INSULIN
GROWTH HORMONE
PROLACTIN

Question 22

Rozwiń skrót: GnRH

Answer 22

Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

Question 23

Rozwiń skrót: GHRH

Answer 23

Growth Hormone RH

Question 24

Rozwiń skrót: TRH

Answer 24

Thryotrophin RH

Question 25

Rozwiń skrót: CRH

Answer 25

Corticotrophin RH

Question 26

Rozwiń skrót: FSH

Answer 26

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 27

Rozwiń skrót: LH

Answer 27

luteinizing hormone

Question 28

Rozwiń skrót: TSH

Answer 28

thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 29

Rozwiń skrót: ACTH

Answer 29

adrenocorticotrophin

Question 30

Rozwiń skrót: PRP

Answer 30

prolactin releasing peptide

Question 31

Rozwiń skrót: IGF

Answer 31

insulin like Growth Factor

Question 32

Rozwiń skrót: T3/T4

Answer 32

Thyroid Hormones

Question 33

Which proteins (3) are Glycoproteins made of two subunits - alpha and beta subunits

Answer 33

FSH LH TSH FSH, TSH, LH are glycoproteins (T1/2 (half life) therefore longer)

Question 34

The Ant. pituitary synthesises and secretes 6 hormones which are stored in specific cells:

Answer 34

``` GH -stored in Somatotrophs Prolactin- stored in Lactotrophs FSH/LH -stored in gonadotrophs ACTH -stored in corticotrophs TSH - stored in thyrotrophs ```

Question 35

These hormones activate G-protein-coupled receptors and may use 2 pathways: (8)

Answer 35

``` TRH - 3 amino acids (a tripeptide) GnRH - 10 amino acids GHRH - 44 amino acids CRH - 41 amino acids ACTH -39 amino acids ``` FSH, TSH, LH

Question 36

Hormones that activate G-protein-coupled receptors will use either..... (second messenger, ...) or .... (second messengers, .... )

Answer 36

the adenylate cyclase pathway cAMP the phospholipase C pathway IP3 and DAG derived from PIP2

Question 37

These hormones are NOT GPCR; : (3) ... | They work via regulation of ...

Answer 37

Prolactin GH IGF-1 tyrosine phosphorylation

Question 38

Endocrine disorders – dysfunction of ....

Answer 38

signalling, either at Receptor, or G-protein level