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Micro unit 2 > L2 > Flashcards

L2 Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A

croup, bronchitis, respiratory tract infections

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2
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus

A

chickenpox

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3
Q

Rotavirus →

A

gastroenteritis

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4
Q

Poliovirus →

A

gastroenteritis

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5
Q

Measles Virus Biology

A

Paramyxovirus

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6
Q

Measles virus genome

A

: (-)ssRNA

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7
Q

Measles virus Virion:

A

enveloped

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8
Q

Measles virus protein

A 
Proteins:
L – polymerase
P (C&V) – phosphoprotein
H – hemagglutinin
F – fusion
M – matrix
N – nucleocapsid
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9
Q

Measles virus Replication in the

A

cell

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10
Q

Measles virus

Fusion protein causes

A

syncytia formation

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11
Q

Measles infection

A

Infection – Inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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12
Q

Measles incubation

A

Incubation period (10-14 days)

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13
Q

Primary infection in respiratory epithelial tissues →

measles

A

primary viremia

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14
Q

Measles Symptom onset

A

Coincides with second round of virus replication. Occurs in LN, tonsils, lungs, GI tract, and spleen → secondary viremia

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15
Q

Measles Recovery,

A

approximately 20 days after infection

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16
Q

Measles is the most

A

Most deadly of the childhoodrash/fever illnesses (CDC)

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17
Q

Measles Characteristic rash

A

Virus & immune response damage to epithelial and endothelial cells
Koplik spots

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18
Q

Measles Immune suppression

A

Interference with CD46 & signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptors

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19
Q

Measles Opportunistic infections

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae

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20
Q

Measles blindness in

A

Blindness in vitamin A deficient children

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21
Q

Measles Acute disseminated encphalomyelitis (ADEM) –

A

rare 1:1000 children, demyelinating disease

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22
Q

Measles Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) –

A

very rare 1:1,000,000 children, 7 to 10 years after infection, progressive neurological deterioration

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23
Q

Measles symptoms

A

2-3 days fever + cough, coryza, & conjunctivitis

Rash: Koplik spots “small, bright red spots with bluish centers on buccal mucosa…pathognomonic for measles”

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24
Q

Measles in the lab

A

Virus isolation in culture (difficult)
Serology
ELISA, RT-PCR

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25
Measles Prevention
One of the most contagious diseases known | Number of cases from one illness (R0) in a naïve population is 15 to 20
26
Measles - people are infectious
People are infectious 2-3 days prior to rash
27
Measles host
human only
28
Measles vaccine
``` Primary option Life long immunity Live attenuated vaccine Safe Autism & colitis correlation retracted ```
29
Measles Providing
vitamin A can reduce severity | No antivirals
30
Measles prevelence
Measles was declared eliminated from the US in 2000, but remains common in other countries Measles continues to be introduced to the US through international travel 222 cases in 2011 Outbreaks continued in 2013 Brooklyn, NY – 17 yr old visited London, 58 cases total, none were previously vaccinated NC – individual visited India, 22 cases resulting, most were not vaccine, 3 had been
31
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Biology
Paramyxovirus
32
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Biology - Genome:
(-)ssRNA
33
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Biology - Virion:
enveloped
34
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Biology proteins
``` Proteins: L – polymerase G – glycoprotein F – fusion M – matrix P – phosphoprotein N – nucleocapsid NS1&NS2 – replication & immune response ```
35
Respiratory syncytial virus biology Replication in the
cell – similar steps as for measles virus
36
RSVB Infects
ciliated cells in the respiratory tract epithelium
37
RSVB Fusion protein creates
syncytia
38
RSVB Virus buds from
cellular surface
39
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease
the most important viral agent of serious pediatric respiratory tract infections
40
RSVB infection
Infection by inhalation of aerosol, fomites
41
RSVB virus replication limited to
Virus replication limited to respiratory tract
42
RSVB Incubation period
4-5 days
43
RSVB Lower respiratory tract symptoms
1 to 3 days after upper respiratory tract symptoms
44
RSVB Recovery
7 to 12 days after symptom onset
45
RSVB Virus that infects humans
does not infect other animals – no animal reservoir
46
RSVB Infection does not yield
life long immunity
47
RSVB Infants have an immature immune system | Infection limited to
respiratory tract epithelial cells where IgA response is short lived
48
RSVB Low cytotoxicity thought to result in
slower immune response
49
RSVB Risk factors for infection
Attending day care | School age siblings
50
RSVB Risk for more severe disease
Premature birth, male, second hand exposure to tobacco smoke, lack of breast feeding
51
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention may use
ribavirin administered by inhalation
52
RSVB No vaccine
Vaccines in development Formalin inactivated vaccine not successful Challenge to immunize infants who are at the greatest risk
53
RSVB Passive immunoprophylaxis
Palivizumab – humanized monoclonal antibody Targets F protein Given IM once a month
54
Varicella Zoster Virus Biology
Alphaherpesvirus
55
Varicella Zoster Virus Biology genome
dsDNA, large
56
VZV Virion:
enveloped, hundreds of proteins
57
Replication : Varicella Zoster Virus Biology (Cont.)
Replication in the Cell Active cell for replication Resting cell (e.g. neuron) → latent infection (circular genome) Infects neighboring cells first
58
Chickenpox (VZV) the DiseaseL: Infection –
Inhalation of aerosolized droplets
59
VZV Incubation period
(10 to 21 days)
60
VZV Symptoms
Fever, malaise, headache, Rash 1-2 days after symptom onset Rash progresses for 3-6 days Rash on scalp, face, trunk primarily
61
VZV Recovery usually by
2 weeks post symptom onset | cell mediated immunity most important
62
VZV Usually establishes
latent infections that can be reactivated – shingles | Not to be confused with smallpox
63
Chickenpox Prevention vaccination
Vaccination Primary option Life long immunity Live attenuated vaccine
64
Antivirals VZV
``` Acyclovir: Interferes with genome replication Cannot eliminate latent virus Does not prevent infection of cells Drug resistance is being observed ```
65
Poliovirus Biology
Picornavirus
66
Poliovirus genome
(+)ssRNA
67
Poliovirus Virion:
Non-enveloped
68
Poliovirus protein
Proteins Capsid - VP1,VP2, VP3, VP4 Non-structural - proteases, polymerase, others
69
Poliovirus replcation
Replication in cell
70
Poliovirus Virus particle creates
pore in cell membrane
71
Poliovirus Genome serves as
mRNA
72
Poliovirus prevelent in
endemic areas such that infections are most common in naïve children
73
Poliovirus infection
Infection by ingestion of material containing virus | As few as 100 TCID50
74
Poliovirus Primary replication in
Peyer’s patches of small intestine - Minor viremia
75
Poliovirus Secondary replication
Major viremia
76
Poliovirus
Mild disease | Fecal shedding of virus for 6 weeks
77
Poliovirus
CNS involvement in 1:200 of infections | Risk factors: physical exertion, trauma, tonsillectomy
78
Poliovirus Virus replicates in
gray matter of brain and spinal cord Limb paralysis from anterior horn cell damage Respiratory paralysis from damage to medulla oblongata
79
Poliovirus vaccines
Two effective vaccines available Salk – killed Sabin – live attenuated
80
Poliovirus is human
only
81
Rotavirus
Reoviridae
82
Rotavirus Genome:
dsRNA, 11 segments
83
Rotavirus Virion:
non-enveloped
84
Rotavirus proteins
``` Proteins: VP1 – polymerase VP2 – RNA binding VP3 – transferase VP4 – attachment & fusion Other structural and non-structural proteins ```
85
Rotavirus replication in
cell - Membrane disruption | Genome never exposed
86
Rotavirus Infection by
ingestion of material containing the virus
87
Rotavirus Incubation of
2 days – Vomiting & fever
88
Rotavirus Diarrhea -
2 to 3 days after vomiting, 3 to 8 days in duration
89
Rotavirus Virus shedding for
weeks before symptom onset and days after recovery
90
Rotavirus Severe disease most common
in 6 to 24 month old children
91
Rotavirus diagnoses
Diagnose by antigens in stool
92
Rotavirus infant
vaccine available
93
Rotavirus treatment
``` No antivirals Hygiene Hand washing Treatment Oral rehydration ```
94
**Exceptions to virus replications:
RNA virus: influenza virus replicates in nucleus | DNA virus: poxvirus replicate in cytoplasm

Micro unit 2 (12 decks)

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