L4 Flashcards

Question

EEE & VEE Virus Prevention & Control - A single

Answer 1

A single vaccine is available (TC-83) Live attenuated TC-83, inactivated C-84 Only provided to at risk military personnel and researchers Partially effective against inhalation challenge in primates Veterinary vaccines exist

Answer 2

No treatment Supportive care Mosquito control strategies Mosquito repellant

Answer 3

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is maintained in a cycle between Culiseta melanura mosquitoes and avian hosts in freshwater hardwood swamps. Cs. melanura is not considered to be an important vector of EEEV to humans because it feeds almost exclusively on birds.

Answer 4

``` 2 to 14 days Most persons (80%) have asymptomatic infections ```

Answer 5

Illness ~20% of infections Fever, headache, fatigue Duration of 3 to 6 days

Answer 6

<1% Aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, flaccid paralysis, altered mental state, tremors 50% of survivors have sequelae 12 mths later

Answer 7

``` approved vaccine No treatment Supportive care Mosquito control strategies Mosquito repellant ```

Answer 8

flavivirus - Enveloped, Spherical | RNA genome

Answer 9

Life long infection inmosquitos (Aedes) | Transient infection in primates, rodents

Answer 10

Resemble dengue fever Lasts several days, fever, red eyes, joint pain, rash Transmitted by mosquitos, possible via sex, blood transfusions, vertically

Answer 11

``` Guillain-Barre syndrome – autoimmune disease attacking the autonomic nervous system Newborn microcephaly (suspected) – birth defect, long term developmental issues ```

Answer 12

cytoplasm only

Answer 13

transcripts and proteins

Answer 14

RNA triggers genome replication

Answer 15

defective interfering particles

Answer 16

15% of bites cause disease | 60% if on face or head

Answer 17

bats, skunks, raccoons, etc. Common disease of dogs in developing countries Common source of human rabies deaths Only a few cases in US every year

Answer 18

1 to 3 months Longer is possible, though rare Depends on location of bite

Answer 19

Replicates locally until it finds neurons Moves passively in axoplasm of peripheral nerves to spinal ganglia, spinal cord, and brain Spreads back to periphery, highly innervated salivary glands & replicates

Answer 20

Prickling or itching where bitten, fever, headache Hydrophobia – difficulty swallowing, even saliva, leads to “foaming at the mouth” Cerebral dysfunction, anxiety, confusion, delirium, hallucinations, and insomnia

Answer 21

Once symptoms appear, disease is nearly always fatal | Only 10 documented survivals, only 2 of those had no history of previous prophylaxis

Answer 22

Vaccine available Post-exposure prophylaxis Should be administered immediately for bites that break the skin 4 doses – immediate, 3, 7, and 14 days Should also receive immunoglobulin (RIG) Vaccination of dogs and domestic animals essential to control Some countries attempt to vaccinate wildlife using baits laden with oral vaccines