L3 Cytokines

Question 1

cytokines

Answer 1

soluble proteins that are produced in the response to an antigen and function as chemical messengers for regulating innate and adaptive immune systems

Question 2

cytokines are pleiotropic

Answer 2

means that a particular cytokine can act on a number of different types of cells rather than a single cell type

Question 3

cytokines are redundant

Answer 3

refers to the ability of a number of different cytokines to carry out the same function

Question 4

cytokines are multifunctional

Answer 4

means that the same cytokine is able to regulate a number of different functions

Question 5

some cytokines can be antagonistic

Answer 5

stimulates a particular defense function while another cytokine inhibits that function

Question 6

some cytokines can be synergistic

Answer 6

two different cytokines have a greater effect in combination than either of the tow would by themselves

Question 7

four functional categories of cytokines

Answer 7

1. innate
2. adaptive
3. stimulate hemopoiesis
4. cytokines known as chemokines promote directed cell migration

Question 8

hematopoiesis cytokines

Answer 8

1. IL-3
2. IL-7
3. G-CSF
4. GM-CSF
5. M-CSF

Question 9

IL-3

Answer 9

made primarily by T-lymphocytes; supports the growth of multi-lineage bone-marrow stem cells; induces maturation in all hematopoietic lineages

Question 10

CSF

Answer 10

colony stimulating factors- promote the production of colonies of the different leukocytes in the bone marrow and enhance their activity

Question 11

GM-CSF

Answer 11

granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor

Question 12

G-CSF

Answer 12

granulocyte colony stimulating factor

Question 13

M-CSF

Answer 13

macrophage colony stimulating factor

Question 14

IL-7

Answer 14

produced mainly by fibroblasts and bone marrow stromal cells; plays a role in the survival and proliferation of immature B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte precursors

Question 15

chemokine cytokines

Answer 15

1. IL-8 = CXCL8
2. MCP-1 = CCL2
3. MIP-2 = CXCL2
4. RANTES
5. Gro- alpha, beta, and gamma

Question 16

IL-8

Answer 16

= CXCL8

important for the recruitment of neutrophils

Question 17

MIP-2

Answer 17

= CXCL2

recruits naive T cells

Question 18

MCP-1

Answer 18

= CCL2

helps activate and recruit macrophages

Question 19

innate immunity

Answer 19

1. IFN-gamma
2. IFN- beta
3. IFN- alpha
4. IL-12
5. IL-15
6. IL-1
7. IL-6
8. TNF
9. IL-18
10. IL-10
11. TGF-beta

Question 20

IFN-gamma

Answer 20

NK cells and T lymphocytes; activation of macrophages and stimulation of some antibody responses

Question 21

IFN- alpha and IFN-beta

Answer 21

virus infected cells; prime uninfected cells for viral defense

Question 22

IL-12

Answer 22

macrophages; promotes TH1 cells and activates NK cells

Question 23

IL-15

Answer 23

macrophages;
NK cells- proliferation
T cells- proliferation

Question 24

IL-1

Answer 24

macrophages, endothelial cells;
endothelial cells- activation inflammation coagulase
hypothalamus- fever
liver- synthesis of acute phase proteins
t-cells- TH17 differentiation

Question 25

IL-6

Answer 25

macrophages, endothelial cells, and T-cells macrophages, dendritic cells- inhibition of IL-12 production, reduced expression of co-stimulation and class II MHC molecules

Question 26

TNF

Answer 26

macrophages and T-cells ``` endothelial cells: activation (inflammation and coagulation) neutrophils: activation hypothalamus: fever live: synthesis of acute-phase proteins muscle and fat: catabolism many cell types: apoptosis ```

Question 27

IL-18

Answer 27

macrophages NK cells: proliferation T cells: proliferation

Question 28

IL-10

Answer 28

macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells macrophages and dendritic cells: inhibition of IL-12 production reduced expression of co-stimulators and class II MHC molecules

Question 29

TGF-beta

Answer 29

many cell types inhibition of inflammation; T-cells- differentiation of Th17, regulatory T cells

Question 30

adaptive immunity cytokines

Answer 30

1. IFN-gamma 2. TGF-beta 3. LT 4. IL-13 5. IL-22 6. IL-2 7. IL-4 8. IL-5 9. IL-17 10. BAFF

Question 31

IL-22

Answer 31

CD4+ T cells, NK cells, innate lymphoid cells maintenance of epithelial barrier function, neutrophils

Question 32

IL-13

Answer 32

affects eosinophils

Question 33

IL-2

Answer 33

activated T cells T cell proliferation; regulatory T cell survival

Question 34

IL-4

Answer 34

CD4+ T cells and mast cells B cell switching to IgE

Question 35

IL-5

Answer 35

CD4+ T cells, mast cells, innate lymphoid cells activation of eosinophils

Question 36

IL-17

Answer 36

CD4+ T cells stimulate of acute inflammation, neutrophils

Question 37

IL-4, IL-5 and IL-12 affect

Answer 37

eosinophils

Question 38

IL-17 and IL-22 affect

Answer 38

neutrophils

Question 39

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 39

systemic inflammatory disease, inflammation in autoimmune disease medication needs to target cytokines specifically TNF