L3: Mendelian Inheritance

Question 1

The first to provide an explanation for hereditary traits in 400 BC

Answer 1

Hippocrates

Question 2

Said that seeds cause certain traits of the offspring to resemble those of the parents

Answer 2

Hippocrates

Question 3

Conducted the first systematic studies of genetic crosses

Answer 3

Joseph Kolreuter

Question 4

Proposed the blending hypothesis of inheritance

Answer 4

Joseph Kolreuter

Question 5

Occurs when two distinct individuals with different characteristics are bred or crossed

Answer 5

Hybridization

Question 6

Why did Gregor Mendel choose peas in his studies?

Answer 6

• Easy to grow
• Monoecious
• Self-pollinates but can cross-pollinate
• Has several visible characteristics
• Each characteristic has two common values

Question 7

Reproductive part of a plant where pollen grains land to stimulate pollen tube formation and for fertilization to take place

Answer 7

Stigma

Question 8

An opening in the ovule wall where sperm enters to fuse with the egg

Answer 8

Micropyle

Question 9

A modified petal that covers the reproductive structures

Answer 9

Keel

Question 10

The general characteristics of an organism

Answer 10

Character

Question 11

The variant or specific properties of a character

Answer 11

Trait

Question 12

Occurs when a trait does not vary in appearance from generation to generation

Answer 12

Breeding true

Question 13

A strain or variety that continues to produce the same characteristic after several generations of self-fertilization

Answer 13

True breeding line

Question 14

The 7 characters of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

Answer 14

• Seed Shape
• Seed Color
• Flower Color
• Pod Shape
• Pod Color
• Flower Position
• Stem Height

Question 15

A cross in which only one character is observed

Answer 15

Single-Factor Cross

Question 16

Also called single-character hybrid, the product of crossing two parents of different variants

Answer 16

Monohybrid

Question 17

The 2 seed shapes of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

Answer 17

• Round
• Wrinkled

Question 18

The 2 seed colors of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

Answer 18

• Yellow
• Green

Question 19

The 2 flower colors of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

Answer 19

• Purple
• White

Question 20

The 2 pod shapes of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

Answer 20

• Inflated
• Constricted

Question 21

The 2 pod colors of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

Answer 21

• Yellow
• Green

Question 22

The 2 flower positions of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

Answer 22

• Arial
• Terminal

Question 23

The 2 stem heights of the pea plant, Pisum sativum

Answer 23

• Tall
• Dwarf

Question 24

A theory stating that the genes that govern traits are inherited as discrete units that remain unchanged as they are passed from parent to offspring

Answer 24

Particulate Theory of Inheritance

Question 25

Defined **gene** as a unit of heredity that may influence the outcome of an organism's traits

Answer 25

Wilhelm Johannsen

Question 26

Different forms of the same gene

Answer 26

Allele

Question 27

States that the two copies of a gene segregate from each other during transmission from parent to offspring

Answer 27

Mendel's Law of Segregation

Question 28

A cross that involves the investigation of two different characters within the same group of individuals

Answer 28

Dihybrid Cross or Two-Factor Cross

Question 29

The 3 lines of scientific inquiry that led to the chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 29

- Mendel's studies - Biochemical basis of heredity - Microscopic examination of the process of fertilization

Question 30

**Chromosome Theory of Inheritance** The 1st statement

Answer 30

Chromosomes contain the genetic material that is transmitted from parent to offspring and from cell to cell

Question 31

**Chromosome Theory of Inheritance** The 2nd statement

Answer 31

Chromosomes are replicated and passed along, generation after generation, from parent to offspring

Question 32

**Chromosome Theory of Inheritance** The 3rd statement

Answer 32

The nuclei of most eukaryotic cells contain chromosomes that are found in homologous pairs. Gametes contain one set of chromosomes.

Question 33

**Chromosome Theory of Inheritance** The 4th statement

Answer 33

During the formation of haploid cells, different types of chromosomes segregate independently of each other

Question 34

**Chromosome Theory of Inheritance** The 5th statement

Answer 34

Each parent contributes one set of chromosomes to its offspring

Question 35

Occurs when an offspring receives a combination of alleles that differs from those in its parents

Answer 35

Genetic Recombination

Question 36

The 2 mechanisms that result to genetic recombination

Answer 36

- Independent Assortment - Crossing Over

Question 37

Charts representing family relationships used to study traits and parental crosses

Answer 37

Pedigrees

Question 38

A disease is said to be [...] if a dominant gene not in a sex chromosome causes the disease

Answer 38

Autosomal Dominant

Question 39

A disease is said to be [...] if a homozygous recessive gene not in a sex chromosome causes the disease

Answer 39

Autosomal Recessive

Question 40

The individual being studied in a pedigree analysis

Answer 40

Proband or Index Case Propositus Proposita