L4: Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Question 1

Refers to inheritance patterns that obey the law of segregation and law of independent assortment

Answer 1

Mendelian Inheritance

Question 2

Happens in cases where one allele is dominant to another

Answer 2

Simple Mendelian Inheritance

Question 3

Prevalent alleles in a natural population are called […]

Answer 3

wild-type alleles

Question 4

The occurrence of more than one wild-type allele is called […]

Answer 4

genetic polymorphism

Question 5

Random mutations occur in populations and alter preexisting alleles, producing […]

Answer 5

mutant alleles

Question 6

[…] mutations change the gene or protein encoded by a gene so that it gains a new or abnormal function

Answer 6

Gain-of-function

Question 7

[…] mutations change a protein such that the mutant protein acts antagonistically to the normal protein

Answer 7

Dominant-negative

Question 8

In haploinsufficiency, the dominant mutant allele is a […] allele

Answer 8

loss-of-function

Question 9

A situation in which an allele that is expected to cause a particular phenotype does not

Answer 9

Incomplete Penetrance

Question 10

The degree to which a trait is expressed

Answer 10

Expressivity

Question 11

Refers to the effects of environmental variation on a phenotype

Answer 11

Norm of Reaction

Question 12

A condition in which the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the corresponding homozygous individuals

Answer 12

Incomplete Dominance

Question 13

First to observe incomplete dominance

Answer 13

Carl Correns
Mirabilis jalapa

Question 14

The phenomenon in which a heterozygote has greater reproductive success compared with either of the corresponding homozygotes

Answer 14

Overdominance
or
Heterozygote Advantage

Question 15

The phenomenon in which two alleles are both expressed in the heterozygous individual

Answer 15

Codominance

Question 16

The phenomenon in which an allele is dominant in one sex but recessive in the opposite sex

Answer 16

Sex-influenced Inheritance

Question 17

The genes that govern sex-influenced traits are […]

Answer 17

autosomal

Question 18

The genes that govern sex-limited traits are […]

Answer 18

autosomal or sex-linked

Question 19

An allele that has the potential to cause the death of an organism

Answer 19

Lethal Allele

Question 20

When the absence of a specific protein results in a lethal phenotype, the gene that encodes the protein is considered […]

Answer 20

an essential gene

Question 21

Lethal alleles that act only in some individuals

Answer 21

Semi-lethal Alleles

Question 22

The multiple effects of a single gene on the phenotype of an organism

Answer 22

Pleiotropy

Question 23

Gene Interaction

An inheritance pattern in which the alleles of one gene mask the phenotypic effects of the alleles of a different gene

Answer 23

Epistasis

Question 24

Gene Interaction

A phenomenon in which two different parents that express the same or similar recessive phenotypes produce offspring with a wild-type phenotype

Answer 24

Complementation

Question 25

Gene Interaction

A phenomenon in which an allele on one gene modifies the phenotypic outcome of the alleles of a different gene

Answer 25

Modifying Genes

Question 26

Gene Interaction

A pattern in which the loss of function in a single gene has no phenotypic effect, but the loss of function of two genes do

Answer 26

Gene Redundancy

Question 27

They discovered an unexpected gene interaction when studying crosses involving the sweet pea

Answer 27

• William Bateson
• Reginal Punnett

Sweet Pea
Lathyrus odoratus

Question 28

Conducted one of the first studies that illustrated the phenomenon of gene redundancy in shepherd’s purse

Answer 28

George Shull

Shepherd’s Purse
Capsella bursa-pastoris