Population Genetics

Question 1

Refers to all of the alleles of all individuals in a population

Answer 1

Gene Pool

Question 2

Theory that combines Darwinian Selection and Mendelian Inheritance

Answer 2

Modern Synthesis Theory

Question 3

Study of genetic variation within a population with emphasis on quantitative characters

Answer 3

Population Genetics

Question 4

They (2) introduced the Modern Synthesis Theory in the 1940s

Answer 4

• A. Fisher
• S. Wright

Question 5

These are responsible for the inheritance of characteristics

Answer 5

Genes

Question 6

These evolve due to natural selection and genetic drift

Answer 6

Populations

Question 7

This is usually due to the gradual accumulation of small genetic changes

Answer 7

Speciation

Question 8

Changes that occur in gene pools and cause more variation in individuals in a population

Answer 8

Microevolution

Question 9

A group of populations whose individuals have the ability to breed and produce fertile offspring

Answer 9

Species

Question 10

If all members of a population are homozygous for a particular allele, then the allele is […]

Answer 10

fixed in the gene pool

Question 11

Theory that used to describe a non-evolving population

Answer 11

Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

Question 12

The 5 assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

Answer 12

• Large Population Size
• No Migration
• No Net Mutations
• Random Mating
• No Natural Selection

Question 13

The alteration of the gene pool of a small population due to chance

Answer 13

Genetic Drift

Question 14

The 2 factors that may cause genetic drift

Answer 14

• Bottleneck Effect
• Founder Effect

Question 15

The only agent that results in adaptation to the environment

Answer 15

Natural Selection

Question 16

Genetic exchange due to the migration of fertile individuals or gametes between populations

Answer 16

Gene Flow

Question 17

A change in an organism’s DNA and is represented by changing alleles

Answer 17

Mutation

Question 18

The existence of two or more forms of a character in high frequencies within a population

Answer 18

Polymorphism

Question 19

The contribution of a genotype to the next generation compared to the contributions of alternative genotypes for the same locus

Answer 19

Relative Fitness

Question 20

The 3 ways in which natural selection can affect the contribution of a genotype to the next generation

Answer 20

• Directional Selection
• Diversifying Selection
• Stabilizing Selection

Question 21

Mode of Selection

Favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range

Answer 21

Directional Selection

Question 22

Mode of Selection

Favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes

Answer 22

Diversifying Selection

Question 23

Mode of Selection

Favors intermediate over extreme phenotypes

Answer 23

Stabilizing Selection

Question 24

The difference in appearance between males and females of a species

Answer 24

Sexual Dimorphism

Question 25

Direct competition between members of the same sex for mates

Answer 25

Intrasexual Selection

Question 26

The 4 reasons why natural selection does not produce perfect organisms

Answer 26

- Evolution is limited by historical constraints - Adaptations are compromises - Not all evolution is adaptive - Selection edits existing variations

Question 27

A locus with more variation than can be explained by mutation

Answer 27

Polymorphic

Question 28

The 5 agents of evolutionary change

Answer 28

- Mutation - Gene Flow from one population to another - Nonrandom mating - Genetic Drift - Selection

Question 29

The ultimate source of genetic variation

Answer 29

Mutation

Question 30

Occurs when phenotypically similar individuals mate and cause frequencies of particular genotypes to differ from those predicted by Hardy-Weinberg

Answer 30

Assortative Mating

Question 31

The only agent that produces adaptive evolutionary change

Answer 31

Selection

Question 32

The 3 pressures of selection

Answer 32

- avoiding predators - matching climatic conditions - pesticide resistance

Question 33

The number of surviving offspring left in the next generation

Answer 33

Fitness

Question 34

Occurs when phenotype fitness depends on its frequency within the population

Answer 34

Frequency-Dependent Selection

Question 35

Occurs when selection favors different phenotypes at different times

Answer 35

Oscillating Selection