L5 Flashcards
what re two examples or indirect measurements for protein
bradford (coomassie)
biuret (copper)
what does the bacterial cell wall do for protection
protests cells from mechanical and osmotic forces
gram negative color
pink
gram positive color
purple
whats the cell wall structure
repeating carbohydrates (NAG-NAM)
what forms a peptidoglycan
sugars (carbohydrates) and proteins that make up the cell wall
what is the cell wall made of? (overall structure)
peptidoglycan
how does penicillin work
by blocking cross-linking by transpeptidase
what reinforces the cell wall
peptidoglycan crosslinks
whats the thickness of gram positive peptidoglycan
very thick
why gives a negative charge on the outside of gram positive cells
techie acid
whats a staphylococcus aureus
superbug that is antibiotic resistant
what gram positive bacteria can produce spores
bacillus anthracis
do gram positive cause disease
99% or more do not cause disease
what is the signal of gram negative bacterial infection
O polysaccarides
what do gram negative cells contain
lipopolysaccharides
which type of bacteria has the most peptidoglycan
gram positive
what are some popular gram negative bacteria
neisseria gonorrhoeae
hulicobacter pylori
E coli
what causes watery diarreah
vibrio cholera (-)
whats the point of heat fixing
will stick cells and their sugars to the slides
what is the order of solutions for gram stain
crystal violet
iodine
alcohol
safranin
what does iodine do in gram staining
traps crystal violet within cell walls
what does crystal violet do in gram staining
causes everything to be purple
whats the most critical step in gram staining? why?
alcohol
tells us the difference
