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Question 1

what will happen if you put 1 ml of broth onto a plate

Answer 1

it would most likely flood it

Question 2

what does an antibiotic do

Answer 2

selectively kills bacteria when applied to the host, but does not hurt the host

Question 3

what is bactericidal

Answer 3

explodes the cell (lysis)

Question 4

what does bacteriostatic do

Answer 4

prevents growth

Question 5

what is a mechanism of action

Answer 5

target/way it kills

Question 6

what does a narrow spectrum of activity mean

Answer 6

killing of specific stuff

Question 7

where is the toxic dose line on a graph

Answer 7

high up

Question 8

what a therapeutic index

Answer 8

toxic dose/effective dose

Question 9

whats a natural antibiotic

Answer 9

made by some other living thing

Question 10

whats a semi synthetic antibiotic

Answer 10

modified using chemistry to change something specific

Question 11

what is a synthetic antibiotic

Answer 11

only chemistry was used to make this

Question 12

do synthetic antibiotics require a living thing to make it

Answer 12

no

Question 13

can you reach a level of antibiotic that is bad for you

Answer 13

of course

Question 14

what is an effective dose

Answer 14

amount needed to inhibit the bacteria and growth

Question 15

what is a toxic dose

Answer 15

antibiotic that could damage to the host

Question 16

can some bacteria have a high therapeutic index

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

whats the importance of tasking pills when you are supposed to

Answer 17

so you stay at the narrow effective range (therapeutic index)

Question 18

do bacteria complete with each other? why or why not?

Answer 18

yes
to be more evolutionary successful and kill off the things around to maintain nutrients available

Question 19

what are the two antibiotics in polysporin

Answer 19

bacitracin
polymyxin

Question 20

if an organism is ________ to humans, it is hard to treat

Answer 20

similar

Question 21

what antibiotic works well as a narrow spectrum against mycobacteria

Answer 21

Isoniazid

Question 22

are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Answer 22

prokaryotic

Question 23

is a fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Answer 23

eukaryotic

Question 24

how would you target a fungi because they are also prokaryotic?

Answer 24

their chitin cell wall

Question 25

what do viruses use to reproduce themselves

Answer 25

host cells

Question 26

why are antiviral antibiotics hard

Answer 26

because they use host cell enzymes, but so do we so there are not many targets for viruses

Question 27

what are some bacterial target (4)

Answer 27

plasma membrane cell wall nucleic acid transcription/translation (different enzymes than humans) bacterias enzymes that they need to live

Question 28

what targets the cell wall

Answer 28

penicillin cephalosporins

Question 29

what do cell wall inhibitors do ? what do they contain

Answer 29

penicillin and cephalosporins will cause cell lysis they contain B-lactam rings

Question 30

what type of bacteria does penicillin work on

Answer 30

against gram +

Question 31

what lysis E coli

Answer 31

ampicillin

Question 32

what do protein synthesis inhibitors do

Answer 32

they cause bacteria static

Question 33

what are some common drugs that are protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 33

chloramphenicol streptomycin neomycin tetracycline

Question 34

what antibiotic poisons mitochondria

Answer 34

chloramphenicol

Question 35

what antibiotic during pregnancy can lead to deafness in the baby

Answer 35

streptomycin (protein synthesis inhibitor)

Question 36

what antibiotic can affect developing teeth

Answer 36

tetracycline (protein synthesis inhibitor )

Question 37

what antibiotics target the plasma membrane

Answer 37

polymyxins daptomycin

Question 38

when something is in a tube, what is that normally for?

Answer 38

to show that it shouldn't be injected systemically

Question 39

what are the nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

Answer 39

rifamycin ciprofloxin

Question 40

what kind of inhibitor is rifamycin

Answer 40

inhibits mRNA synthesis

Question 41

what kind of inhibitor is ciproflexin

Answer 41

prevents DNA replication

Question 42

what is a metabolic inhibitor

Answer 42

sulfonamides

Question 43

what does a metabolic inhibitor target

Answer 43

an enzyme that's involved in metabolic activity

Question 44

what was the first widely used antibiotic

Answer 44

sulfonamides

Question 45

how do sulphonamides work

Answer 45

prevent bacteria from making folate

Question 46

no folic acid = __________

Answer 46

no life

Question 47

do we make folic acids

Answer 47

no we need to eat them

Question 48

what tests determine if an antibiotic works against a bacteria (2)

Answer 48

disk diffusion assays epsilomete tests

Question 49

does the size of halos tell us how effective an antibiotic is against a bacteria in sensitivity testing

Answer 49

no - just tells us that it is effective

Question 50

disk diffusion assays

Answer 50

putting paper dipped in antibiotics on a bacteria plate and seeing halos

Question 51

what is an epsilometer test

Answer 51

changing the dose of antibiotics in a gradient and applying it to bacteria

Question 52

what is MIC in an epsilometer test

Answer 52

minimal inhibitory concentration the minimal amount needed to inhibit growth of bacteria