L7 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Factor of development
Nature vs nuture
Nature: genetic inheritance, unfolding self genetic blueprints
Nurture: Environment & experience e.g. socialization
Biopsychosocial model: how biological, psychological and societal system shape person development
- Biologicsl factors
- Psychological factors
- Social factors
Biological factors
Brain, circulatory system, sensory motor abilities
May change by psychological factor e.g. stress
May change by societal factor e.g. spread of disease
Psychological system
Cognitive, emotional, motivational
E.g. personality, self esteem, thought, believe
CHANGE F DEVELOPING THRU THE LIFE
influenced by
1. Genetic information
2. Life experience such as education, quality of parenting
The societal system
E.g. culture, family structure
Change by technology, social media, education
Period of development
- Prenatal period: conception to birth (9 months)
- Infancy: birth to 24 months
- Early childhood: 2 to 5-6 years
- Middle and late childhood: 6-11 years
- Adolescence: from 10-12 to 18-21 years
- Early adulthood: early 20’s through the 30’s
- Middle adulthood: 40-60 years
- Late adulthood: 60’s-70’s to death
Infant
Rooting reflex 搵食 response to stimulation around the mouth
Grasping reflex: touch palm will grab
Sucking reflex
Gross & fine motor skills
Childhood
Cephalocaudal principle
Grow from head to toe
Proximal principle
Develop from arm to hand to finger
Develop gross skills before fine
Adolescent
Drmatic increase in weight, height, secondary
Sexual characteristics
Adulthood
Commitment of career, relationship & lifestyles
Deterioration
Vision:
Starts at 40-50
Lens less flexible, muscle less effective
Lens become yellow-) diminished vision
Deterioration of hearing starts at 60
Reproductive:
50 women menopauce
40 reduce production of sperm
Cognitive impairment / loss
Intellectual loss: loss of memory, sense of time
Personality loss: loss of affect behavior
Planning loss
Low stress threshold
Cognitive development sensorimotor stage
- Out of sight, out of mind
- Object permanence (when 8-12 months)
Cognitive Development- preoperational stage
Age 2-7
Child learn to use symbols, word or numbers
Solve simple problems
Rmb events in the past
Egocentrism 自我中心
Centration 專心
Irreversibility
Conservation provblems 23 32
Animism: belief that everything is alive
Cognitive Development: concrete operational stage
7-12
Can perform logical mentL operation
- Conservation
- Reversible thinking
Cognitive Development: formal operational stage
12+
Gain mastery of abstract idea
Hypothetic-deductive reasoning
Infancy attachment
Adaptive
Eager to stay close to promote survivial
Seperate anxiety
Adult attachment- secure
Adult: sensitive & responsive
Test:
No stress, accept comfort after leave
Use attachemnt as safe-base of exploration
Feel Good on self & other
greater trust and closeness
□ more positive than negative emotions
□ lower levels of jealousy
□ higher levels of marital satisfaction and adjustment
□ more sensitive and supportive responses to the needs of
one’s partner
□ They are comfortable seeking support from others.
Anxious-ambivalent attachment 矛盾焦慮
Upset when care giver leave
Seek but also reject comfort when caregiver return
Use anger & control to maintain proximity
25% of infants
Low self-worth yet want intimacy
Need approval + affection of others to build self-esteem
May be described as needy, cringy
Fear of abandonment
Wide mood swing, intense jealousy
Unstable relationship, want intimacy but afraid of rejection
Anxious avoidance 焦慮逃避
Caregiver: cold, rejecting, neglectful
Test result: reject contact with caregiver after return
20-25%
Positive self-view but not trusting other, not disclosing
View to intimate relationship: 唔覺得重要, not worth the trouble
Low enjoyment, less commitment, less intimacy
Maternal sensitivity
Awareness of the signal
1. Physically close
2. Alert to baby’s most subtle cues
Accurate interpretation of them
Appropriate response to them
Psychosocial
Stage 1: infancy 0-1
Trust vs mistrust, needs met by caregiver-) optimistic
Distrusting, insecure if not met
Stage 2: early childhood 1-3
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Self-sufficiency
If caregiver not satisfied-) sense of personal shame & self-doubt
Stage 3: preschooler 3-6
Initiative vs. Guilt
Thick only the,selfes-) guilt & low self-esteem
Get along well with siblings-) self-confident
Stage 4: school age 6-11
Industry vs. Inferiority
Function effectively+ high productivity-) sense of competence
Psycho
Stage 5 adolescnece12-18
Identity vs role confusion
Gain inner-assuredness-) sense of direction
Stage 6: 18-29
Intimacy vs isolation
Finding partner for emotional & psychologically closeness
Yes-) empathy & openness
No-) manipulativeness
Stage 7 middle adulthood 30-50
Generatively vs stagnation
Self absorption 自我放縱& meeting self need & desire
Stage 8 late adulthood 60+
Integrity vs despair
Find meaning of their life
Loss and death
DABDA
Denial-resist idea of death
Anger: griever angry, may display anger to close family
Bargaining-trying to negotiate their way out of death
Depression-experience intense loss
Acceptance-worked through feelings, found peace
