L7: Neurobehavioural, Language, Comm Profiles of Aphasia P2

Question 1

Wernicke’s aphasia is a type of

Answer 1

fluent/posterior apahsia

Question 2

anomia

Answer 2

word finding difficulties

Question 3

wernicke’s aphasia presents as ____ except for periods of ______, normal to excessive ____ output, press of speech, and logorrhoea

Answer 3

fluent

anomia

verbal

logorrhoea = incoherent talking

Question 4

wernicke’s speehc can be described as

Answer 4

semanticlaly empty, primarily functors, and info empty words (stuff, that, those)

morphosyntactic structures near normal, if abnormal, considered paragrammatic rather than agrammatic, may observe correct use of complex grammatical forms

Question 5

paragrammatism vs agrammatism

Answer 5

para = the incorrect use of grammar

agram = omitting grammatical words

Question 6

what are the features of paragrammatism?

Answer 6

errors may or may not occur in writing as well as in spoken output

generally well constructed syntax of sentences

substitution of grammatical morphemes

paragrammtic errors theorized to occur later in the sentence

Question 7

in wernicke’s:

articulation and prosody are generally _____

serial spoken output is ____

_____ rate in conjunction with press of speech

_____ interuption

_______ of comm difficulties

Answer 7

unimpaired

strong

inc

resists

usually unaware

Question 8

wernicke’s involves no verbal or oral apraxia BUT…. (2 things)

Answer 8

all types of paraphasias (generally not responsive to phonemic cues)

perseveration

Question 9

paraphasias=

Answer 9

a substitution in speech

Question 10

perseveration=

Answer 10

unintentional production of an info unit previously produced or heard or seen

substituted for correct response

gets stuck

often unaware

Question 11

what are the 3 types of paraphasias and the 2 additional related types?

Answer 11

semantic

phonemic

neologistic (neologism)

extended jargon

circumlocution

Question 12

semantic paraphasias are

Answer 12

disruption at the lexical level

semantically related or unrelated to the target word

ex. jelly fish for octopus (related), or chicken for octopus (unrelated), or chair for octopus (verbal)

Question 13

phonemic paraphasias are

Answer 13

disruption at the phonological level

similar word or non word substitutions; 50% or more of the error overlaps phonologically w the target

octagon for octopus (real word) vs ocoput for octopus (non-word)

Question 14

neologistic paraphasias are

Answer 14

not a word phonologically or semantically

often follows the phonological rules of the language

ex. ertig for octopus

Question 15

extended jargon paraphasias are (not a type of paraphasic error by can be included)

Answer 15

running/connected utterances (phrases or sentences) in which includes senseless words or neologisms

Question 16

circumlocution is

Answer 16

talking around the intended word - informative description

Question 17

in wernicke’s reptition is

Answer 17

disturbed

may be related to severe auditory comp difficulties, contains paraphasias

Question 18

in wernicke’s auditory comp is

Answer 18

severely impaired -understand v little

may comp simple words, phrases, sentences

system overloads easily

may have phoneme discrimination probs

Question 19

in wernicke’s reading comp is

Answer 19

often reading parallels auditory comp deficit (connected!)

Question 20

since reading is learned thru our auditory sys, if aud comp is impaired then…

Answer 20

reading comp impaired and/or angular gyrus sys involved; storage of symbols is disturbed and reading comp is disturbed

Question 21

in wernicke’s reading aloud is

Answer 21

disturbed but not to the same extent as reading comp

filled w paraphasic errors (literal/phonemic and verbal/semantic)

Question 22

in wernicke’s writing is

Answer 22

impaired on a linguistic level but not often at motoric level

paraphasic errors

lacks meaning - semantically empty

Question 23

in Wernicke’s, they may exhibit initial paresis but…

and abulatory losses are ____, tactile losses _____….

and visual losses _____

Answer 23

transient and disappears shortly post onset

rare

can be present

may occur

Question 24

in Wernicke’s the patients may become ____ as others focus on deficits client unable to _____

Answer 24

paranoid

see or appreciate (bc they are unaware)

Question 25

site of lesion for Wernicke's

Answer 25

wernicke's area, posterior 1/3 of STG plus inferior parietal BA 22

Question 26

conduction aphasia is a type of

Answer 26

fluent/posterior aphasia

Question 27

conduction aphasia is considered a fluent aphasia but...

Answer 27

verbal output limited to brief bursts of utterances

Question 28

in conduction aphasia, conversation output is impaired due to

Answer 28

word finding pauses and attempts to self correct

Question 29

in conduction aphasia, verbal output in # words/min approaches _____ vs wernicke's ____ output

Answer 29

normal copious

Question 30

in conduction aphasia there are _____ paraphasic errors, _____ of phonemes is impaired

Answer 30

literal/phonemic selection

Question 31

in conduction aphasia, ____ are used in the setting of impaired word retrieval

Answer 31

circumlocutions

Question 32

in conduction aphasia, verbal output is facilitated by

Answer 32

singing and rhythmic patterning serial talk is robust if you give a starting phonemic cue

Question 33

in conduction aphasia they have _____ intonation, _____ syntax, and _____ of errors

Answer 33

normal near normal aware

Question 34

the most classic sign of conduction aphasia is... why?

Answer 34

repetition problems they understand what they hear but cannot transfer to Broca's area for rep purposes

Question 35

in conduction aphasia aud comp and reading comp is ____

Answer 35

good (contrast aud comp w wernicke's)

Question 36

reading aloud in conduction aphasia is ...

Answer 36

impaired bc info cannot be transmitted to Broca's area for verbal output

Question 37

describe how writing is effected in conduction aphasia

Answer 37

impaired on a linguistic level but not often at motoric level spelling errors bc of storage disturbances to angular gyrus words omitted and interchanged in sentences

Question 38

in conduction aphasia, there are often ___ neurological deficits, but...

Answer 38

no other can exhibit some

Question 39

in conduction aphasia, motor hemiparesis and sensory disturbances are ____, and involves...

Answer 39

variable depends on location of lesion usually only arm or R side of face sensory loss may only involve distal portions of upper limb (fingers)

Question 40

in conduction aphasia, the visual field is ...

Answer 40

involved - usually apparent either R-homonymous hemianopia or inferior or superior quadrantanopia

Question 41

in conduction aphasia, ideomotor apraxia is inconsistent for ___ but consistent for ______ structures.... sometimes diff to separate comp probs from ___ component

Answer 41

limb face/oral/resp structures apraxic

Question 42

site of lesion of conduction aphasia

Answer 42

interruption along the arcuate fasciculus; white matter pathways under supramarginal gyrus

Question 43

anomic aphasia is a type of

Answer 43

fluent/posterior aphasia

Question 44

wernicke's and conduction may evolve into an

Answer 44

anomic aphasia

Question 45

in anomic aphasia, there is ______ naming relative to other difficulties

Answer 45

disproportionately greater difficulty

Question 46

in anomic aphasia, there is ______ hesitations, grammatically ______ spoken output

Answer 46

intermittent well-formed

Question 47

in anomic aphasia, ____ of substantive words, _____ of content aka "____"

Answer 47

absence vagueness emptiness semantically empty

Question 48

in anomic aphasia, _____ can be vague and bizarre

Answer 48

circumlocutions

Question 49

in anomic aphasia, they may say ______ phrases, ex. little things

Answer 49

non-specific

Question 50

in anomic aphasia, _____ are infrequent, but semantic when present

Answer 50

paraphasias

Question 51

in anomic aphasia, repetition skills are ______

Answer 51

good

Question 52

in anomic aphasia, auditory comp is

Answer 52

relatively or entirely intact

Question 53

in anomic aphasia, writing/reading skills..

Answer 53

vary along a broad spectrum spelling also varies considerably

Question 54

in anomic aphasia, you do not usually see hard or soft...

Answer 54

neurological signs

Question 55

site of lesion for anomic aphasia

Answer 55

least reliably localized of all aphasia syndromes; usually in L temporo parietal area and may extend into angular gyrus resulting in severe alexia and agraphia

Question 56

alexia =

Answer 56

impairment in reading

Question 57

agraphia=

Answer 57

impairment in ability to write

Question 58

transcortical sensory aphasia is a type of

Answer 58

fluent/posterior aphasia

Question 59

transcortical sensory aphasia is quite

Answer 59

rare, but w a similar profile to Wernicke's

Question 60

in transcortical sensory aphasia, you'll see: _______ speech _____ neologisms, paraphasias, circumlocutions _____ severly impaired will not initiate _____, but evoked are ________

Answer 60

well articulated frequent naming utterances, fluent and empty

Question 61

in transcortical sensory aphasia, repetition is (!!!!!!!)

Answer 61

excellent! (words>sentences) may be considered echolalia (involuntary rep of everything heard)

Question 62

in transcortical sensory aphasia, auditory comp is

Answer 62

impaired w moderate to severe levels

Question 63

in transcortical sensory aphasia, reading comp is

Answer 63

poor

Question 64

in transcortical sensory aphasia, reading aloud has

Answer 64

a wide range of performance from preserved to defective

Question 65

in transcortical sensory aphasia, writing is

Answer 65

poor (similar to W)

Question 66

in transcortical sensory aphasia, there are sensory

Answer 66

impairments

Question 67

transcortical sensory aphasia may involve gerstman's syndrome which requires the following 4 characs (in dispute)

Answer 67

R/L disorientation finger agnosia agraphia severe acalculia

Question 68

finger agnosia =

Answer 68

close eyes, examiner touches fingers, client cannot tell which finger touched

Question 69

acalculia =

Answer 69

acquired arithmetic deficits

Question 70

in transcortical sensory aphasia, there is ____ awareness of the extent of impairment

Answer 70

poor

Question 71

site of transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 71

posterior parieto-temporal, sparing wernicke's area; parietal and temporal border zones disruption in blood supply from the PCA affecting the inferior temporal lobe and anterior occipital lobe

Question 72

subcortical lesions may cause aphasia in 3 ways:

Answer 72

thalamus and BG subcortical vascular lesions (striate arteries) combination of 1 and 2

Question 73

why would thalamus/BG damage cause aphasia?

Answer 73

play direct regulatory or indirect gating roles in cortical language functions via projection fibres/tracts (ex. internal capsule and cornona radiata)

Question 74

subcortical vascular lesions (striate arteries) could cause aphasia bc

Answer 74

they may have widespread effect, creating hypofusion in LH perisylvian cortical regions

Question 75

anterior capsular/putamen lesions cause a combination of

Answer 75

TCM and Broca's aphasia characs

Question 76

for all subcortical variants of aphasia we will see...

Answer 76

borderline fluent vs non fluent

Question 77

anterior capsule/putamen lesions cause the following spontaneous language symps

Answer 77

borderline fluent (6-8 words) hypophonia w poor articulatory agility variable syntax phonemic and semantic paraphasias

Question 78

repetition in anterior capsule/putamen lesions is

Answer 78

relatively good

Question 79

auditory comp in anterior capsule/putamen lesions is

Answer 79

relatively good

Question 80

posterior casular/putamen lesions show a combination of

Answer 80

Broca's and Wernicke's aphasias

Question 81

posterior casular/putamen lesions show the following spontaneous language symps

Answer 81

borderline fluent (6-8 words) hypophonia w good artic agility variable syntax phonemic, semantic, neologistic paraphasias

Question 82

posterior casular/putamen lesions show ___ repetition

Answer 82

poor

Question 83

posterior casular/putamen lesions show ___ auditory comp

Answer 83

poor

Question 84

thalamic lesions = thalamic aphasia, effects thalamic projections to

Answer 84

both frontal and posterior cortical language zones and to motor cortex

Question 85

thalamic lesions = thalamic aphasia may result in ____ and _____ aphasia like linguistic characteristics

Answer 85

TCM and TCS

Question 86

thalamic lesions = thalamic aphasia have the following spontaneous language symps

Answer 86

borderline fluent (6-8 words) somewhat perseverative anomia w semantic (verbal) paraphasias intact syntax

Question 87

thalamic lesions = thalamic aphasia show ______ repetition

Answer 87

relatively spared (like transcortical)

Question 88

thalamic lesions = thalamic aphasia show ___ auditory comp

Answer 88

variable

Question 89

during the acute stage, there is variability in aphasic syndromes bc

Answer 89

diaschisis is more extended and complex unusual aphasia manifestations due to 1) focal brain pathology and 2) extended brain dysfunction secondary to diaschisis

Question 90

there is also variability in aphasic syndroms because the brain is a dynamic system...

Answer 90

with areas of interconnectivity simple brain functions localized into single brain areas diverse and simultaneous activation of complex brain functions

Question 91

there is also variability in aphasic syndromes bc of individuality...

Answer 91

indv diffs in brain organization and connectivity indv life and linguistic experiences influence the organization of cog and language

Question 92

3 reasons for variability in aphasic syndromes:

Answer 92

acute stage dynamic and interconnected individuality