L8 anatomy

Question 1

a mobile cartilaginous and membranous tube

• 10 to 12 cm long and 2.5 cm in diameter
• the fibro-elastic tube is kept patent by the presence of U-shaped rings of cartilage

Answer 1

trachea

Question 2

1-in the thorax the trachea end at __ below at the carina by dividing into right and left principal/main/primary bronchi
2-during expiration the bifurcation rises to __
3- during deep inspiration it may be as lower as __

Answer 2

1-T4
2-T3
3-T6

Question 3

trachea blood supply:
1- upper 2/3 are supplied by _____
2- lower third is supplied by_____

Answer 3

1-inferior thyroid arteries and veins (pair)

2- bronchial arteries and veins (pair)

Question 4

is wider, shorter, and more vertical
-about 2.5 cm long
divides into 3 tertiary bronchus

Answer 4

right principle bronchus

Question 5

• is narrower, longer, more horizontal
• about 5 cm long
• divides into 2 tertiary bronchus

Answer 5

left principle bronchus

Question 6

• conical, covered with visceral pleura in its own pleural cavity
• attached to the mediastinum only by its root (Hilum)
• apex located 2.5 cm above clavicle
• base sits on diaphragm

Answer 6

Lungs

Question 7

a depression in which the bronchi, vessels, nerves that form the root enter and leave the lung

Answer 7

Hilum

Question 8

Lungs:
1- the anterior border is __ and overlaps the heart
2- the posterior border is ___ and lies beside the vertebral column

Answer 8

1- Thin, sharp

2- Thick

Question 9

• divided by the oblique(T3-T6) and horizontal(C4) fissures into 3 lobes:
  superior (upper)
  middle
  inferior (lower)

Answer 9

right lung

Question 10

-where cardiac notch is found
-divided by oblique fissure (T3-T6) ONLY into 2 lobes:
superior(upper) and inferior (lower)

Answer 10

left lung

Question 11

each segmental bronchus passes to a structurally and functionally independent unit of a lung lobe called a ____________ surrounded by CT

Answer 11

Bronchopulmonary bronchus

Question 12

bronchioles possess no _______ in their walls and are lined with ______ ______ epithelium

Answer 12

cartilage

columnar ciliated

Question 13

• it is a subdivision of a lung lobe
• it is pyramid-shaped, with its apex toward the lung root (Hilum)
• has a segmental/tertiary bronchus, segmental artery, lymph vessels, and autonomic nerves
• because it’s a structural unit, a diseased segment can be removed surgically

Answer 13

Bronchopulmonary segment

Question 14

Lung blood supply *** :
A) Function: ______
A1-bronchial artery
A2-bronchial vein: communicate with pulmonary veins and drain into the azygos(right) and hemizygous(left)

B) Function: ______
B1- pulmonary arteries and veins

Answer 14

A)Give nutrition to lung

B) Gas exchange

Question 15

additional**notes:
1- impression on left lung posteriorly _______, anteriorly _____
2-impression on right lung posteriorly ______, anteriorly _____
3- the arch of ____ (left) and the arch of ____ (right) will be found superior to the heart.

Answer 15

1- descending aorta, Left ventricle
2-esophogus, right atrium
3- Aorta, Azygos vein

Question 16

-double-layered serous membrane enclosing lung
- cavity contains 5-10 ml of fluid
-2 layers: parietal (lines thoracic wall), visceral (covers surfaces of the lung)
- around the root of the lung a loose cuff is called pulmonary ligament
apex is 1 inch above 1/3 of the clavicle

Answer 16

Pluera