Lab 13 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Oxygen saturation @ rest
97%
Most important factors in regulating breathing rate
Blood pH and CO2 levels
High CO2
Decrease pH, hyperventilate in response which lowers CO2 levels
Low CO2 levels
Increase pH, hypoventilate in response which raises CO2 levels
Ventilation
Mechanical process that moves air into and out of lungs
Gas exchange
Between air and blood in alveoli and between blood and tissues
Oxygen utilization
Tissues use oxygen to make ATP via cellular respiration
Boyle’s law
Pressure of gas is inversely proportional to its volume
Inspiration
Diaphragm contracts making thoracic cavity volume larger reducing the pressure allowing atmospheric gas to enter the lungs
Expiration
Diaphragm relaxes decreasing thoracic cavity volume, increasing pressure forcing air out of the lungs
Active/passive
Inspiration: active uses ATP for muscle contraction, expiration: passive (unless forced expiration)
Spirometry
Breathe into device that records volume and frequency of air movement on a spirogram to measure lung volume and capacities
Can diagnose restrictive and obstructive lung disorders
Lung volumes
Measurements of pulmonary functions that don’t overlap on the spirogram
Tidal volume
Volume of air expired or inspired during quiet breathing
Inspiratory reserve volume
Max amount of air that can be inspired after tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Max amount of air that can be forced out after tidal volume
Residual volume
Amount of air left in lungs after maximum expiration
Lung capacities
Measurements of pulmonary function that are sums of different volumes
Total lung capacity
Total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration
Tidal volume + ERV + IRV + RV
Vital capacity
Max amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after max inhalation
Tidal volume + ERV + IRV
Inspiratory capacity
Max gas that can be inspired after normal expiration
Tidal volume + IRV
Functional residual capacity
Amount of gas left in lungs after normal expiration
ERV + RV
Restrictive disorder
Vital capacity reduced because lung tissue is damaged but forced expiration rate is normal
Emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis
Obstructive disorders
Vital capacity normal, no damage to lung tissue, forced expiration rate reduced
Bronchitis and asthma
