Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Lab Exam 2 > Lab 16 > Flashcards

Lab 16 Flashcards

(101 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The reproductive system includes:

A

Primary sex organs and accessory sex organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gonads

A

Primary sex organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ducts, glands and external genitalia

A

Accessory sex organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The gonads are the reproductive organ that produce _____ and then _________

A

Gametes; sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The reproductive role of the male is to produce male gametes, known as __________ and deliver these gametes to the female reproductive tract

A

Sperm cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sperm cells are also called ________

A

Spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The _____ are the gonads of the male

A

Testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The testes hang within the ______, which is essentially a pair of abdominal pouches forming a common cutaneous sac

A

Scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Partly surround each testis, is an accessory ducts known as:

A

Epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Emerging from the epididymis is another accessory duct, the:

A

Ductus (vas) deferenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The ductus deferenes and the associated blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue form the __________ by which each testis is suspended within the scrotum

A

Spermatic cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The end of each ductus deferens enlarges to form an _________

A

Ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ampulla then joins with the duct from one of the _____________ (a pair of accessory glands) to form the short ejaculatory duct

A

Seminal vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The ejaculatory duct pass into the ____________ (a single acessory gland), where they empty into the urethra

A

Prostate gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Extends from the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis

A

Urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Urethra is divided into 3 regions:

A

Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Penile (spongy) urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The accessory glands of the male reproductive system:

A

Paired seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Paired bulbourethral glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The secretions of these accessory glands form the _______ which carries the sperm during ejaculation, activates and produces certain nutrients for the sperm, and contains substances that neutralize the somewhat acidic environment in the vagina

A

Semen (seminal fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The organ that conducts urine to the exterior and delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract

A

Penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The penis consists of 3 cylindrical columns of erectile tissue (elastic connective tissue, smooth muscle and vascular channels) each surrounded by fibrous tissue called the:

A

Tunica albuginea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The two dorsal columns are called the:

A

Corpora cavernosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The column surround the urethra is the:

A

Corpus spongiosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Each testis is covered by a dense connective tissue capsule and is composed of many coiled:

A

Seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The ________________ lining each seminiferous tubules is made up of cells in various stages of development

A

Germinal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The process of sperm production which occurs in the seminiferous tubules
Spermatogenesis
26
The most immature cells are the _________ which are located near the basement membrane
Spermatogonia
27
Under the influence of reproductive hormones, spermatogonia begin to divide by mitosis to increase their numbers and some form _________________
Primary spermatocytes
28
A ________________ gives rise to four sperm cells
Primary spermatocyte
29
Each primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I to produce two haploid _________________
Secondary spermatocytes
30
Secondary spermatocytes then undergo meiosis II to produce four haploid __________
Spermatids
31
The spermatids are then transformed into sperm cells (spermatozoa) by growing a _________ and shedding most of its cytoplasm
Flagellum
32
Sperm are continually produced throughout the males ________
Lifetime
33
Located between the seminiferous tubules are the _________ cells or _______ cells.
Interstitial; Leydig
34
These cells secrete the hormone, ________ which is necessary for spermatogenesis and for the development of the secondary sex characteristics in the male
Testosterone
35
The reproductive role of the female is to produce female gametes, known as ____ or _____
Ova; eggs
36
The _______ are the gonads of the female
Ovaries
37
Ovaries are two almond shaped organs that are located on each side of the ________
Uterus
38
The ovaries produce gametes, secondary oocytes that develop into mature egg cells (ova) after fertilization and also produce the sex hormones:
Estrogen | Progesterone
39
The __________ (fallopian tubes or oviducts) extend medially from the region of the ovary to enter the uterus
Uterine tubes
40
The uterine tube closest to the ovary forms an expanded funnel:
Infundibulum
41
The infundibulum has finger-like projections called:
Fibriae
42
The fibriae contain cilia that create currents in the peritoneal fluid that propel the ovulated oocyte from the ovary into the uterine tube, where it begins its journey to the
Uterus
43
Fertilization of the oocyte occurs in the ________ at any time up to 24 hours after ovulation, if sperm are present
Uterine tube
44
Small, muscular, pear-shaped organ that lies across the superior and posterior margins of the urinary bladder
Uterus
45
The uterus is divided into two regions:
Body | Cervis
46
Forms the largest portion of the uterus
Body
47
The inferior portion that connects to the vagina
Cervix
48
The uterine wall consists of 3 layers:
Perimetrium Myometrium Inner endometrium
49
The _________ is a continuation of the visceral peritoneum
Perimetrium
50
Composed most of the uterine wall and consists of 3 layers of smooth muscle that produce powerful labor contractions
Myometrium
51
Consists of 2 layers known as the functional layer (stratum functionalis) which lines the uterine cavity and the basal layer (stratum basalis) beneath
Inner endometrium
52
Composed of simple columnar epithelium, has numerous uterine glands in the underlying areolar connective tissue and is highly vascularized. It is the site of reproductive cycles
Functional layer
53
Inner endometrium 2 layers:
``` Functional layer (stratum functionalis) Basal layer (stratum basalis) ```
54
Lines the uterine cavity
Functional layer (stratum functionalis)
55
Beneath the uterine cavity
Basal layer (stratum basalis)
56
When fertilization of an oocyte does not occur, this layer is shed during menstruation
Functional layer
57
Stays behind to regenerate a new functional layer in the next cycle
Basal layer
58
Tubular muscular canal located between the urinary bladder and the rectum
Vagina
59
Runs from the cervix to the exterior of the body and the urethra extends along its anterior wall
Vagina
60
Has non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and serves as a passageway for delivery of an infant and for menstrual flow
Vagina
61
The surface of each ______ is covered in cuboidal epithelium
Ovary
62
The ovary may be subdivided into two regions:
Cortex (outer) | Medulla (inner)
63
Contains the follicles and corpora lutea
Cortex
64
Interior part of the ovary composed of many loose connective tissue and blood vessels
Medulla
65
The process of egg production occurs in the ovary and is called:
Oogenesis
66
Oogenesis begins early in ______________ when primordial germ cells in the ovary differentiate into oogonia
Fetal development
67
Divide mitotically increasing the number in the millions
Oogonia
68
Meiosis I begins and some of the oogonia will transform into:
Primary oocytes
69
The oocyte becomes surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells and is referred to as a:
Primary follicle
70
The oocyte enters into prophase I of meiosis and remains in a state of arrested development until
Puberty
71
Before birth and during childhood many of these cells degenerate in a process called
Atresia
72
Each month after puberty until menopause (age 45-55), under the influence of LH and FSH, several primary follicles increase in size as the follicular cells proliferate to form a stratified epithelium of cuboidal _______ cells around the developing ovum
Granulosa
73
A clear glycoprotein layer called the zona ________ forms between the oocyte and the granulosa cells
Zona pellucida
74
Eventually a fluid-filled cavity, or _____, forms in the follicle
Antrum
75
As the antrum enlarges, the oocyte is pushed to one side and is surrounded by a capsule of follicular cells called the _______ _______
Corona radiata
76
The connective tissue around the granulosa cells condenses and differentiates as theca cells. At this stage, the follicle is known as a _______ follicle or _______ follicle
Graafian; mature
77
When the follicle is mature, the theca interna cells begin to secrete the hormone
Estrogen
78
Interacts with the pituitary hormones in a complex way in the control of ovulation. Also responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in females
Estrogen
79
Pituitary hormones stimulate _________ (the rupture of the Graafian follicle and release of the secondary oocyte)
Ovulation
80
In the human, the secondary oocyte enters meiosis Il but remains in metaphase Il until:
Fertilization occurs
81
Penetration of the oocyte by a sperm is followed by completion of ________ to produce a haploid ovum and a second polar body (which degenerates).
Meiosis Il
82
The ovum (n) and the sperm (n) then fuse to from a ________ (2n).
Zygote
83
If fertilization does not occur, the secondary oocyte will stay in metaphase Il and will eventually be:
Shed during menstruation
84
After ovulation has occurred, the ruptured follicle forms a:
Corpus luteum
85
This is a glandular structure with a folded wall of lutein cells (which form from the follicular cells) surrounding a small amount of follicular fluid and blood.
Corpus luteum
86
The corpus luteum secretes __________ and __________
Progesterone; estrogen.
87
The production of ___________ is important for the development of the placenta and for the suppression of follicle maturation during pregnancy.
Progesterone
88
If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates into scar tissue known as a:
Corpus albicans
89
In humans, generally only one follicle is ovulated during each cycle. Those follicles that are not ovulated degenerate to form:
Atretic follicles
90
An egg must be fertilized within __ - __ hours after ovulation.
12-24
91
Sperm can remain viable for about __ hours after deposition in the vagina.
48
92
Will most possibly occur if intercourse takes place from a few days before ovulation to one day after ovulation.
Pregnancy
93
About _____ spermatozoa (out of 300 million that were ejaculated) reach the vicinity of the ovulated secondary oocyte in the distal oviduct.
2,000
94
The secondary oocyte is surrounded by the ____________ (outer layer of granulosa cells) and the ____________.
Corona radiata; zona pellucida
95
The head of a sperm is covered by helmet-like structure called the _________
Acrosome
96
__________ enzymes and strong flagellar movements help the sperm penetrate the cells of the corona radiata and contact the zona pellucida.
Acrosomal
97
Enzymes digest a path through the zona pellucida until the:
Sperm contacts the oocyte
98
The sperm and egg nuclei swell and become pronuclei. The pronuclei rupture and the chromosomes mix. The haploid set of sperm chromosomes combines with the haploid set of egg chromosomes producing a diploid ________.
Zygote
99
A series of rapid mitotic divisions occur (referred to as cleavage) as the zygote is transported towards the uterus and the zygote becomes 2-, 4-, 16-, and 32-celled (individual cells are ___________).
Blastomeres
100
By the fourth day post-fertilization, the zygote is a solid sphere of cells and at this stage is called a morula and it passes into the uterus. The morula divides into about 100 cells, develops a hollow cavity and begins accumulating fluid. The zona pellucida disintegrates. This stage is called the:
Blastocyst
101
The process of differentiation of cells begins, as an inner cell mass forms which will become the ________ and the outer cells are the trophoblast which will form part of the _________.
Embryo; placenta

Lab Exam 2 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions