Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

B: MS > Lab 2: Brain > Flashcards

Lab 2: Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the forebrain made up of?

A

Superficial part of the hemispheres
Basal ganglia
Diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the superficial part of the hemispheres made up of in a medial view??

A

Cortex, corpus callosum, parieto-occipital sulcus, calcarine sulcus, primary visual cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the cortex?

A

Grey matter thrown into ridges gyri and folds sulci.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

A white matter tract carrying information between the hemispheres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex centred?

A

On the calcarine sulcus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the diencephalon made up of in a medial view?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, third ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Relays almost all sensory input to the cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

A

Controls internal body functions, and the autonomic nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pituitary gland? What is it controlled by?

A

A gland attached to the hypothalamus and controlled by it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which gland is always torn off when the brain is removed from the skull?

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the third ventricle? What is it’s appearance?

A

The ventricle of the diencephalon.

A slight depression overlying the thalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the midbrain made up of in a medial view?

A

Superior and inferior colliculi, cerebral aqueduct, cerebral peduncles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do the superior and inferior colliculi form the roof of?
What are the roles of the colliculi?

A

The roof of the midbrain.

Have a minor role in controlling eye movements, and movements related to auditory stimuli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

A narrow passage linking the 3rd and 4th ventricles, about as thick as a matchstick.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the cerebral peduncles? What do they make up the floor of?

A

Thick white-matter tracts making up the floor of the midbrain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the cerebral peduncles carry information between?

A

They carry information between the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord (corticospinal fibres) and between the cortex and the pons (corticopontine).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the hindbrain made up of in a medial view?

A

Cerebellum, pons, medulla, fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

A motor centre which co-ordinates movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the pons carry/contain?

A

Carries corticospinal fibres, and also contains nuclei of cranial nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the medulla carry?

A

Corticospinal fibres e.g. the pyramids, cranial nerve nuclei and grey matter controlling breathing and the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the ventricles of the brain?

A

CSF-filled cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 major parts of the brain?

A

Brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the brain stem consist of?

A

Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is the diencephalon situated with relation to the brain stem?

A

It is superior to the brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the largest part of the brain?

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the Exner’s area for?

A

Controls hand movements for writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the function of Broca’s speech area?

A

Controls larynx and tongue for speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of Wernicke’s speech area?

A

Main processing centre for spoken language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the functions of the supramarginal and angular gyri?

A

Interprets visual symbols as written words.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the superficial part of the hemispheres made up of in a coronal section?

A

Cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What doe the folding of cortex into gyri and sulci allow?

A

It triples the available area of the cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which structure of the brain is sometimes cut twice in one coronal slice because of its arc-shape?

A

Corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In a coronal section, what are the basal ganglia made up of?

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

34
Q

What are the functions of the basal ganglia?

A

Motor centres which initiate and terminate gross body movements and control muscle tone.

35
Q

In a coronal section, what is the diencephalon made up of?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, third ventricle, internal capsule

36
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

The great white matter tract which carries all information to and from the cortex.

37
Q

In a coronal section, what does the midbrain consist of?

A

Superior and inferior colliculi, cerebral aqueduct, cerebral peduncles, substantia nigra

38
Q

What is the function of the substantia nigra?

A

Functions as part of the basal ganglia controlling unconscious body movements.

39
Q

What is the hindbrain made up of in a coronal slice?

A

Pons, cerebellum, fourth ventricle

40
Q

What are the three types of cranial meninges?

A

1) dura mater
2) arachnoid mater
3) pia mater

41
Q

What separates the two hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebri

42
Q

What separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

Falx cerebelli

43
Q

What separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

44
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid?

A

A clear, colourless liquid composed primarily of water.

45
Q

How does blood flow to the brain?

A

Mainly via the internal carotid and vertebral arteries.

46
Q

What does the blood-brain barrier consist mainly of?

A

Tight junctions that seal together the endothelial cells of brain blood capillaries and a thick basement membrane that surrounds the capillaries.

47
Q

How many lateral ventricles are there in each hemisphere?

A

One

48
Q

What is the shape of the third ventricle?

A

Narrow slitlike cavity along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus.

49
Q

Where does the fourth ventricle lie?

A

Between the brain stem and cerebellum

50
Q

What are the three basic functions of the CSF?

A

1) Mechanical protection
2) Homeostatic function
3) Circulation

51
Q

What is the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier formed by?

A

Tight junctions of ependymal cells.

52
Q

What is meant by contralateral control?

A

One side of the brain controles the opposite side of the body

53
Q

What is meant by saggital and parasaggital section?

A

Saggital: straight down the middle
Parasaggital: To the side of the centre so misses structures

54
Q

What is the anterior and posterior region of the primary visual cortex responsible for?

A

A: Peripheral vision
P: Central vision

55
Q

During a collision with the back of the head, what is affected?

A

Central vision

56
Q

What is the function of a mammillary body?

A

Olfactory (smell) reflexes

57
Q

What link does the pituitary provide?

A

Neural-hormonal link

58
Q

What is the purpose of the thalamus?

A

Switchboard which distinguishes between conscious and subconscious awareness/reaction. It may send information to the cortex (conscious) or basal ganglia in the cerebellum (unconscious reflexes).

59
Q

What surrounds the intermediate mass and the left and right side of the thalamus?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

60
Q

State what the superior and inferior colliculi control.

A

Sight and sound reflexes

61
Q

What are the cerebral peduncles?

A

White matter tracts that are projection fibres

62
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

Controls muscle tone
Balabc
Intention vs achievement
Suggests adjustments

63
Q

What area is first affected by alcohol?

A

Cerebellum

64
Q

What exhibits ipsilateral (same side) control?

A

Cerebellum

65
Q

What does the pons control?

A

Communication between hemispheres of the cerebellum

66
Q

What does the medulla contain?

A

White matter tracts

67
Q

What are the five components of hearing and speaking?

A 
Primary auditory cortex 
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Primary motor cortex (face)
Primary auditory area
68
Q

What are the five general components of either hearing and speaking or reading and writing?

A

1) Receive input
2) Understand meaning
3) Plan response
4) Conduct response
5) Feedback evaluation

69
Q

What are the 4 main primary areas?

A

Primary motor cortex
Primary somatosensory cortex
Primary visual cortex
Primary auditory cortex

70
Q

What does the PMC control?

A

Voluntary muscle movement

71
Q

What specific region of the PVC controls central vision?

A

The pole

72
Q

What does the PAX receive information about? How is it organised?

A

Auditory information: pitch, tone, rhythm

Tonotopic organisation. Recognises high pitch in some areas and low pitch in other areas.

73
Q

Do the four primary areas have any function in integrating information?

A

NO

74
Q

What are the four main secondary/association areas? What are the functions of each?

A

Exner’s area: plans movements in writing
Broca’s speech area: pans movements in speaking
Supramarginal and angular gyri: understanding reading and writing and giving meaning to written symbols.
Wernicke’s area: understanding speech and giving meaning to sound

75
Q

Where is Exner’s area found?

A

In the premotor cortex, just before the part of the PMC associated with the hand.

76
Q

What lies in the cortex? What makes up the white matter tracts?

A

Cell bodies of neurones. Send axons (white matter) which makes up white matter tracts.

77
Q

What are the three types of white matter tract?

A

1) Commissural fibres/tract
2) Projection fibres
3) Association fibres

78
Q

What function do commissural fibres have?

A

Transfers information between hemispheres.

79
Q

What function do projection fibres have?

A

Transfers information from the top of the brain to the bottom

80
Q

What function do association fibres have?

A

Transfers information within the same hemisphere. e.g. between gyri.

81
Q

What does the head of the caudate nucleus run along?

A

The walls of the lateral ventricle

82
Q

What type of structure is the cerebellum?

A

Posterior structure

B: MS (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions