lab 3 Flashcards by sophia rahman

what are the cranial nerves

** OH ONCE ONE TAKES THE ANATOMY FINAL VERY GOOD VACATIONS ARE HAPPENING**

olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens (eye muscles)
facial
vestibularcochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

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olfaction
cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

olfactory

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vision
optic canal

optic

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eye muscles
superior orbital fissure

oculomotor + trochlear

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somatosensory info from face + head
superior orbital fissure - foramen
rotundum - foramen ovale

trigeminal

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eye muscles
superior orbital fissure

abducens

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face
stylomastoid foramen

facial

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balance, equilibrium, + hearing
internal acoustic meatus

vestibularcochear

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breathing throat tongue
jugular foramen

vagus

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head + neck
foramen magnum

accessory

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tongue movements
hypoglossal canal

hypoglossal

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dura, arachnoid, pia mater are 3 meningeal layers. inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and or the spinal. may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungal infections. in infectious ___ the toxins produced by the infecting agent may disrupt the normal functions of the surrounding brain tissue — produces movement associated pain + stiffness in the neck

meningitis

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dura is a double layer btw the 2 cerebral hemisphere and is called ___ _____, btw 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum: ____ ____, btw the cerebrum + cerebellum the ___ _____

falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli

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ask a pt to read the letters on a typical Suellen eye chart E

optic nerve 2

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have pt shrug shoulders against resistance as u push down

accessory nerve

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ask pt to smell

olfactory

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ask pt to protract and then retract their tongue

hypoglossal

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using tongue work, test your pt hearing ability

vestibuolocochlear

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shine a penlight on your pts pupil to see if it responds

oculomotor

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apply a bit of sugar to tongue and ask to smile

facial

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pt bite down on tongue depressor while u try to pull it out or lightly touch your pts cornea to see if they blink

trigeminal

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when clavicle is fractured, entire shoulder region moves _____. Most important is the s shaped of the clavicle means fracture usually splinter outwardly

medially

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large depression locate on the anterior aspect of the scapula

sub scapular fossa

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acromion process of the scapula articulates with the ?

lateral end of the clavicle

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medial end of the clavicle articulates with the ____

sternum

what are the primary structural/anatomical differences btw a somatic vs a visceral reflex arc

2 motor neurons -- ganglionic + preganglionic effectors -- smooth muscles, cardiac muscle or glands

some people suffer from a condition known as congenital insensitivity to pain in which they cannot DETECT painful stimuli at all, yet all their motor skills are normal. which portions of the somatic reflex are might be defective in people with this condition

- likely in sensory portion of somatic reflex arc - nonciceptors/ sensory neurons for pain detection

when your stomach begins to fill with food, a signal is sent that initiates contraction of the smooth muscle in the digestive tract to move food through the intestines. is this an example of somatic or visceral reflex arc and why

visceral because it involves the smooth muscles

technique to enhance sluggish stretch reflexes. subject clench their teeth, interlock their hands, look toward the ceiling

jendrassik maneuver

abnormal response in which ht toes flare and the great toe moves in an upward direction

babinski reflex

assesses S1 + S2 spinal nerves

achilles / calcaneal reflex (ankle jerk)

absence of normal pupillary reflexes is generally an indication of severe trauma or deterioration of the vital ____ _____ tissue

brain stem

connections through the brain result in constriction of the pupil in the other eye when there is direct light on the eye

consensual response

response occurs naturally during emotional responses where pupils dilate

ciliospinal or pupillodilator reflex

automatic, rapid response to stimulus

reflex

5 necessary parts of a typical reflex arc

- receptor - sensory neuron - integration center - motor neuron - effector

treatment is removal of the upper end of the femur and the acetabular socket and replacement with teflon on some inert material

hip replacement

is the fibula on the medial or lateral end

lateral

the ___ region is a major site for administering intramuscular injection & applied to the ____ ____ ___ to the cheeks of the buttocks

gluteal; gluteus medius superior

site for intramuscular injections especially in small children. such injections are administered about halfway down the length of this muscle

vastus lateralis

quads can be used to test ____ nerve

femoral

hairline fractures resulting from repeated shocks or impacts to a bone

stress fracture

overstitched ligaments resulting in tearing of the collagen fibers

sprain

pain in the anterior compartment of the leg caused by irritation and swelling of the tibialis anterior muscle, typically following unusual or extreme exercise

shin splints

painful muscel spasms resulting from strain nor contusions. common injury to quads in football players

Charlie horse

overstretching or tearing of the fibrous band connecting the heel to the toes and supporting the arch of the foot. common cause of pain in the heal

plantar fasciitis

commonly called a "pulled muscle". excessive stretching and tearing of the muscle due to overuse or improper use

strain

name of the articulation btw the 2 pubic bones

pubis symphyses

3 bones that make up the coxal bone

llium ischium + pubis

head of the femur articulates with the

acetabulum

what are the names of the 2 blunt projections near the proximal end of the femur

greater + lesser trochanter

shin bone

tibia

sharpness of the visual image and is tested in clinics using a simple Snellen eye chart

visual acuity

abnormal curvature of the cornea

astigmatism

-- optic disc, point where there are no photoreceptors in the retina

blind spot

when focusing on close objet, the eye uses 3 processes to focus an image on the retina: accommodation, constriction, and convergence

accommodation

ability the docusin apparatus to account for changed in distance from the viewed object. you lens changes to acocoodate near vision; pupil changes diameter to help accommodation

accommodation

difficult to focus for near vision

presbyopia

inflammation + fluid exudate in the middle ear cavity which produces pressure + pain on tympanic men and a reduction in movement of the ear ossicles

otitis media

involves outer or middle ear defects. hearing aids can improve hearing for conductive deafness by amplifying the pressure waves + transmitting the sound into the inner ear

conduction deafness

involves defect or damage in the inner ear where sound transduction occurs or int eh autarky nerve. SNGL can be congenital or acquired + involves sensorineural deafness when the deficit is in the cochlea

SNHL

test is done to determine possible conduction deadness by comparing sounds transmitted through bone conduction. however, in conduction deafness, bone conduction is better than air conduction

runne test

screen for unilateral deadness

weber test

sound louder In the right ear

conduction deafness in right ear or sensorineural deafness in left ear

sound louder in left ear

conduction deafness in left ear or sensorineural deafness in right ear

for ____ _____ the sounds is heard loudest in the normal ear because the I,paored ear is not effective at picking up sounds even if transmitted directly by bone

sensorineural deafness

3 examples of somatic reflexes

- patellar - withdrawal - plantar

2 examples of autonomic reflexes

- pupillary light reflex - salivary reflex

what was the effect of simultaneous muscle contraction or mental distraction on the patellar reflex

enhances patellar reflex

protests retina from excessive light exposure

pupillary light reflex

maintains balanced during withdrawal form painful stimuli

crossed extensor reflex

pupillary light reflex or ciliospinal reflex a consensual response

yes, both pupils react