Lab 7 Flashcards by Daria Bennett

functions of adipose tissue

-provides padding, cushions shocks
-insulates (reduce heat loss)
-energy storage

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functions of areolar tissue

-cushions organs
-provides support but permits movement
-phagocytes protect against pathogens

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histological attribute of adipose tissue

-“chicken wire appearance”
-large pale staining central vacuole contains fat droplet
-displaced adipocyte nuclei (off to the side)

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histological attributes of areolar tissue

-loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers
-interspersed fibrocytes
-many immune system cells with larger nuclei

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locations of adipose tissue

breasts, buttocks, deep to the skin, padding around eyes and kidneys

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locations of areolar tissue

-within and deep to the dermis of the skin
-covered by epithelial lining of digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts
-between muscles
-around joints
-around blood vessels and nerves

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locations of dense regular tissue

-tendons (between skeletal muscle and skeleton)
-ligaments (between bones or stabilizing organs)
-covering skeletal muscles
-deep fascae

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functions of dense regular tissue

stabilizes bones, provides attachment and conducts pull of muscles, reduces friction of muscles

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histological elements of dense regular tissue

-linear arrangement of fibroblast cells with flattened nuclei
-many closely packed collagen fibers
-wave-like arrangement of collagen fibers

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location of hyaline cartilage

-between tips of ribs and bones of sternum
-covering articular surfaces of bones
-nasal septum

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functions of hyaline cartilage

-provides stiff but flexible support
-reduces friction between bony surfaces

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histological features of hyaline cartilage

-“hazy” appearing matrix
-mature chondrocytes lay in lacunae

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location of elastic cartilage

-auricle of external ear
-epiglottis

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functions of elastic cartilage

-tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape

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histological features of elastic cartilage

-scant matrix with many dark staining elastic fibers
-chondrocytes lay in lacunae

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locations of fibrocartilage

-pads within knee joint
-intervertebral discs

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functions of fibrocartilage

-resists compression
-prevents bone to bone contact
-limits movement

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histological features of fibrocartilage

-lacunae arranged in clusters or alternate rows
-fibrous matrix with thick collagen fibers

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histological features of skeletal muscle tissue

-single, long, multi-nucleated cells, arranged in parallel rows
-obvious striations

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histological features of cardiac muscle tissue

-short branching chains of uni- or bi- nucleated cells
-striated
-intercalated discs

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histological features of smooth muscle tissue

-single, uni-nucleated, spindle-shaped cells
-non-striated

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Two-part
muscle
consisting of a
frontal and
occipital belly
Extends from
the forehead to
the back of the
head

Epicranius

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Pulls scalp
forward and
back
Raises
eyebrows
Wrinkles
forehead

Epicranius

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Thin muscle
surrounding the
eyelid and rim of
the orbit

Orbicularis
oculi

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Closes eyes

Orbicularis oculi

Multilayered, muscle of the lips

Orbicularis oris

Closes lips (i.e. playing the trumpet, whistling, and kissing)

Orbicularis oris

Muscle overlaying lateral aspect of the mandible

masseter

* Closes jaw * Elevates mandible

masseter

* Main cheek muscle * Deep to the masseter * Fibers run horizontally

buccinator

Compresses cheek (i.e. sucking and whistling)

buccinator

Pair of muscles extending from cheekbone to corner of mouth

zygomaticus

Raises lateral corners of mouth (i.e. smiling)

zygomaticus

* You fell asleep at the table studying for your anatomy practical, and in the morning your roommate opens up the blinds. The blinding light of the sun causes you to squint. – Which muscles allow you to do this?

Orbicularis oculi (closes eyes)

* After a long day of classes, you swing by Terrace to grab a burrito and pick up a drink from UTea. – Which muscles allow you to drink the milk tea through a straw?

Orbicularis Oris (closes lips) & Buccinator (sucking)

– Which muscles are used to devour your burrito?

Orbicularis Oris (closes lips) and Masseter (chewing)

* You receive a Canvas announcement saying Practical 1 Grades have been posted. Upon logging in, you realize your grade is higher than expected. You raise your eyebrows in disbelief, then smile in happiness. – Which muscle helps raise eyebrows?

Epicranius (frontal belly elevates eyebrows)

You raise your eyebrows in disbelief, then smile in happiness. – Which muscle is used to smile?

Zygomaticus (raises corners of mouth)

Large fan-shaped muscle covering superior portion of chest

Pectoralis Major

* Adducts arm against resistance * Rotates arm medially

Pectoralis Major

* Found along anterolateral surface of the neck * Originating at the medial portion of clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid

Flexes and laterally rotates the head

Sternocleidomastoid

* Flat, triangular shaped muscle * Most superficial muscle of posterior thorax

Trapezius

Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula

trapezius

Thick, rounded shoulder muscle

deltoid

Abducts arm

deltoid

Broad, flat, triangular muscle of lower back

Latissimus Dorsi

* Extends and adducts arm * Rotates arms at shoulder

latissimus dorsi

* Strap-like muscle * Located: along posterior and lateral aspect of neck deep to trapezius

Levator Scapulae

Elevates scapula

Levator Scapulae

●You see somebody cheating on the practical exam. In disagreement, you cross your arms and shake your head no. What muscles are involved in... ○ Shaking your head no

Sternocleidomastoid (rotating head)

●You see somebody cheating on the practical exam. In disagreement, you cross your arms and shake your head no. What muscles are involved in... Crossing your arms

Pectoralis Major (rotating arms medially)

●You have finished the bell ringer and throw up your hands to celebrate. What muscle is involved in lifting your arms up?

Deltoids (abducting)

● As you're approaching a crosswalk, you notice a car approaching fast. The person in front of you is on the phone and doesn't seem to notice. You grab them with both hands and pull back just as the car speeds by. What muscles are involved in pulling them out of the way?

Trapezius (retracting scalpula) Latissimus Dorsi (extending & rotating arm at shoulder)

● You run into a friend and they complain about the temperatures still being in the 20s. You shrug and say "it be like that sometimes." What muscles do you use to shrug?

Trapezius Levator Scapulae

* Medial muscle pair * Extends from pubis to rib cage (vertically)

Rectus Abdominis

Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column (i.e. crunches)

Rectus Abdominis

* Largest/most superficial of the three lateral muscles; * Fibers run downward and medially

External Oblique

* Flex vertebral column * Compress abdominal wall * Aid in: Rotation of trunk; Lateral flexion of body (i.e russian twists)

External Oblique

Motor fibers run upward and medially

Internal Oblique

Same action as external oblique

Internal Oblique

* Deepest muscle of abdominal wall * Fibers run horizontally

Transversus Abdominis

Compresses abdominal contents

Transversus Abdominis

●You wake up to your alarm at 10 am on April 2nd, the first day of Spring break. You sleepily twist around to turn it off and fall back asleep before getting up at 1 pm. What muscles are used to... ○ Twist for the alarm?

Internal and External Obliques (rotate trunk)

Rectus Abdominis (flex and rotate lumbar spine)

●The spring is slowly arriving! All those instagram "influencers" you see are pulling their bellies in to try to flatten their waists by using what muscle?

Transversus Abdominis (Compress abdominal contents)

Two-headed fusiform muscle * Short head and long head

Biceps Brachii

* Flexes elbow joint * Supinates forearm

Biceps Brachii

* Only muscle in posterior compartment of arm * Composed of lateral, long, and medial head

Triceps

Extends forearm

Triceps

Anterior superficial muscle of forearm

Pronator Teres

Pronates forearm

Pronator Teres

Superficial muscle of lateral forearm

Brachioradialis

Aids in flexion of forearm

Brachioradialis

●You look outside and the sun is shining in Ithaca! You decide to go and study outside, so you grab some chips and head out. What muscles are used in... ○ Twisting the door knob

Pronator Teres (Pronates forearm) and Biceps Brachii (Flexes elbow joint supinates forearm)

You look outside and the sun is shining in Ithaca! You decide to go and study outside, so you grab some chips and head out. What muscles are used in... ○ Lifting your chips up to your mouth

Biceps Brachii (Flexes elbow), Brachioradialis (flexion of forearm

● You're trying to stick to your diet, but your roommate shows up with a box of Insomnia Cookies. Unable to resist, you reach out and grab a peanut butter cookie! What muscle is being used to extend your arm?

Triceps (Extends forearm)

Large muscle group in the medial compartment of the thigh 1. __ Magnus 2. __ Longus 3. __ Brevis (deep to __ longus)

Adductors

Adducts and rotates thigh (i.e. crossing legs)

Adductors

* Arises from four separate heads * Located in the anterior compartment of the thigh. 1. Rectus Femoris 2. Vastus Lateralis 3. Vastus Medialis 4. Vastus Intermedius (deep)

Quadriceps Femoris

Powerful knee extensor (i.e. kicking a ball)

Quadriceps Femoris

Strap-like superficial muscle * Runs obliquely in anterior compartment of thigh

Sartorius

* Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh * Flexes knee (i.e. crossing your legs)

Sartorius

Largest and most superficial of gluteal muscles. Forms bulk of buttocks

Gluteus Maximus

Major extensor of thigh (i.e. skating)

Gluteus Maximus

Muscle group of posterior compartment of thigh 1) Biceps femoris (lateral) 2) Semitendinosus 3) Semimembranosus

hamstrings

Extends thigh and flexes knee (i.e. winding up to kick a ball)

Hamstrings

Superficial muscle of the anterior leg, runs lateral to tibia

Tibialis Anterior

Dorsiflexion of the ankle (i.e. tapping foot up)

Tibialis Anterior

Muscle pair that shapes posterior aspect of the calf 1) Gastrocnemius (Lateral and Medial Heads) 2) Soleus

Triceps Surae

Plantar flexion of the ankle (i.e. tapping foot down)

triceps surae

Lab 7 Flashcards

(91 cards)