Lab 8 - Brain And Cranial Nerves

Question 1

What does the human brain develop from embryonically?

Answer 1

A tube-like structure called the neural tube

Question 2

What does the old neural tube develop into?

Answer 2

The four ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord

Question 3

What are the CHOROID PLEXUS?

Answer 3

Highly vascularized structures within the ventricles that produce CSF

Question 4

What type of cells are located in the choroid plexus?

Answer 4

Ependymal cells

Question 5

What is the primary function of the CEREBRUM?

Answer 5

Advanced thinking and cognitive functions

Question 6

What separates the right and left hemispheres of the brain?

Answer 6

Longitudinal Fissure

Question 7

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Answer 7

• Frontal
• Parietal
• Temporal
• Occipital

Question 8

What is the Central Sulcus?

Answer 8

The sulcus that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

Question 9

What does the Lateral Sulcus divide?

Answer 9

The temporal lobe from the parietal lobe

Question 10

What is located just behind the central sulcus?

Answer 10

Postcentral Gyrus - primary sensory

Question 11

What is the function of the Primary Somatosensory Area?

Answer 11

Receives information from the body’s sensory receptors

Question 12

What is located just in front of the central sulcus?

Answer 12

Precentral Gyrus - primary motor

Question 13

What is the function of the Primary Motor Area?

Answer 13

Responsible for controlling voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Question 14

What is Broca’s Area responsible for?

Answer 14

The motor component of speech

Question 15

Where is Broca’s Area located?

Answer 15

In the frontal lobe near the lateral fissure

Question 16

What is Wernicke’s Area involved in?

Answer 16

Understanding and comprehending speech

Question 17

Where is Wernicke’s Area located?

Answer 17

In the parietal lobe near the lateral fissure

Question 18

What are the four major divisions of the brain?

Answer 18

• Cerebral Cortex
• Diencephalon
• Brain Stem
• Cerebellum

Question 19

What is the Cerebral Cortex?

Answer 19

The outermost area of the cerebrum

Question 20

What is primarily found in the white matter of the cerebrum?

Answer 20

Axons carrying information to and from the cerebral cortex

Question 21

What is the function of the Corpus Callosum?

Answer 21

Allows communication between the right and left hemispheres

Question 22

What does the Diencephalon house?

Answer 22

Thalamic regions, thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus in the upper part of the brain stem

Question 23

What area is within the post central gyrus

Answer 23

Primary somatosensory area

Question 24

What area is within the pre central gyrus

Answer 24

Primary motor area

Question 25

What does the Thalamus consist of?

Answer 25

Two lobes of gray matter surrounding the third ventricle ## Footnote It contains a stalk of thalamic tissue called the intermediate mass.

Question 26

What is the function of the intermediate mass?

Answer 26

Connects lobes of thalamus

Question 27

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 27

At the floor of the third ventricle

Question 28

What important role does the hypothalamus play?

Answer 28

It is important in the endocrine system

Question 29

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the pituitary gland?

Answer 29

Through a stalk called the infundibulum

Question 30

What are the mammillary bodies involved in?

Answer 30

Emotional responses to odor

Question 31

Which structures will only be viewed on sheep brains?

Answer 31

* Intermediate mass * Mammillary bodies * Pineal gland * Superior/inferior colliculi

Question 32

What does the epithalamus contain?

Answer 32

The pineal body (pineal gland)

Question 33

What is the Brain Stem composed of?

Answer 33

* Pons * Medulla oblongata * Paired superior colliculi * Paired inferior colliculi

Question 34

What is the collective name for the four colliculi?

Answer 34

Corporo quadrigemina

Question 35

What is the function of the pons?

Answer 35

Contains tracts that connect upper and lower brain stem structures

Question 36

What functions does the medulla oblongata control?

Answer 36

* Heart rate * Respiration * Blood pressure

Question 37

What do the Cerebral Meninges consist of?

Answer 37

Three connective tissue membranes

Question 38

What is meningitis?

Answer 38

Inflammation of the meninges

Question 39

What could occur if meningitis spreads to neural tissue?

Answer 39

Encephalitis

Question 40

What is the Dura Mater?

Answer 40

The outermost layer of the meninges, leathery and double-layered

Question 41

What does the outer layer of the Dura Mater attach to?

Answer 41

The inner surface of the skull

Question 42

What is the function of the superior sagittal sinus?

Answer 42

A sinus that Drains blood from the brain back to the venous system

Question 43

What is the Arachnoid Mater?

Answer 43

The middle layer of the meninges, under the dura mater, separated by the subdural space

Question 44

What separates the Arachnoid Mater from the Dura Mater?

Answer 44

The subdural space

Question 45

What is the Pia Mater?

Answer 45

The innermost layer of the meninges, delicate and highly vascularized

Question 46

What separates the Pia Mater from the Arachnoid Mater?

Answer 46

The subarachnoid space filled with CSF

Question 47

Fill in the blank: Meningitis is inflammation of the _______.

Answer 47

Meninges

Question 48

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 48

12 pairs

Question 49

What is the function of cranial nerve I?

Answer 49

smell *sensory

Question 50

What is the function of cranial nerve II?

Answer 50

vision *sensory

Question 51

What is the function of cranial nerve III?

Answer 51

eyelid and eyeball movement *motor

Question 52

What is the function of cranial nerve IV?

Answer 52

innervates superior oblique; turns eye downward and laterally *motor

Question 53

What is the function of cranial nerve V?

Answer 53

chewing; face & mouth touch & pain *both sensory and motor

Question 54

What is the function of cranial nerve VI?

Answer 54

turns eye laterally *motor

Question 55

What is the function of cranial nerve VII?

Answer 55

controls most facial expressions; secretion of tears & saliva *both sensory and motor

Question 56

What is the function of cranial nerve VIII?

Answer 56

hearing; equilibrium sensation *sensory

Question 57

What is the function of cranial nerve IX?

Answer 57

taste; senses carotid blood pressure *both sensory and motor

Question 58

What is the function of cranial nerve X?

Answer 58

taste; senses aortic blood pressure; slows heart rate; stimulates digestive organs *both sensory and motor

Question 59

What is the function of cranial nerve XI?

Answer 59

controls trapezius & sternocleidomastoid *motor

Question 60

What is the function of cranial nerve XII?

Answer 60

controls tongue movements *motor

Question 61

Cranial nerve I is also known as _______.

Answer 61

Olfactory

Question 62

Cranial nerve II is also known as _______.

Answer 62

Optic

Question 63

Cranial nerve III is also known as _______.

Answer 63

Oculomotor

Question 64

Cranial nerve IV is also known as _______.

Answer 64

Trochlear

Question 65

Cranial nerve V is also known as _______.

Answer 65

Trigeminal

Question 66

Cranial nerve VI is also known as _______.

Answer 66

Abducens

Question 67

Cranial nerve VII is also known as _______.

Answer 67

Facial

Question 68

Cranial nerve VIII is also known as _______.

Answer 68

Vestibulocochlear (auditory)

Question 69

Cranial nerve IX is also known as _______.

Answer 69

Glossopharyngeal

Question 70

Cranial nerve X is also known as _______.

Answer 70

Vagus

Question 71

Cranial nerve XI is also known as _______.

Answer 71

Spinal Accessory

Question 72

Cranial nerve XII is also known as _______.

Answer 72

Hypoglossal

Question 74

Mnemonic device for memorizing names of cranial nerves

Answer 74

On old Olympic towering tops a Finn and German viewed some hops