Lab and Patho - + Midterm Prep

Question 1

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 1

Mechanical Digestion

Question 2

What enzyme is produced in the mouth?

Answer 2

Amylase (salivary gland)

Question 3

What does amylase do?

Answer 3

breaks down carbs.

Question 4

What is the function of the esophagus?

Answer 4

to bypass the thoracic cavity

Question 5

The stomach’s function is?

Answer 5

store and churn food

Question 6

What enzymes are in the stomach and what are their functions?

Answer 6

pepsin - makes protein chains smaller into amino acids

HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) - breaks up food (chemical breakdown), activates enzymes

Question 7

What is made in the stomach consisting of gastric juices and food?

Answer 7

chyme

Question 8

True or False

Is the function of the duodenum chemical breakdown?

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

The pancreatic juice and bile in the duodenum contains what enzymes?

Answer 9

Amylase
Protease
Nuclease
Lipase

Question 10

Amylase breaks down ______ into _____?

Answer 10

carbs into glucose

Question 11

What breaks down protein into amino acids?

Answer 11

protease

Question 12

Nuclease breaks down ______ into _____?

Answer 12

DNA/RNA into nucleic acids

Question 13

What breaks down fats into fatty acids?

Answer 13

lipase

Question 14

What is the function of bile?

Answer 14

emulsify fats
(separate fats)

Question 15

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 15

absorb water

Question 16

What is the liver’s function in the digestive system?

Answer 16

produce bile to aid in digestion

Question 17

What is respiration?

Answer 17

exchanging of gas

Question 18

When air is taken in through the lungs it’s called _______

Answer 18

inspiration

Question 19

Oxygen replaces Carbon Dioxide in the blood in the ______

Answer 19

Lungs

Question 20

What is expelled from the body through expiration?

Answer 20

C02
carbon dioxide

Question 21

What does the Hypothalamus produce and what is their purpose?

Answer 21

ADH - stimulates kidneys to absorb water

Oxytocin - important for uterine contractions

Question 22

Where are ADH and Oxytocin stored and secreted from?

Answer 22

Posterior Pituitary gland

Question 23

What Hormones are produced in the Anterior Pituitary Gland?

Answer 23

FSH
LH
TSH
Prolactin
GH
ACTH

Question 24

What does FSH stimulate?

Answer 24

Gonads to produce gametes

Question 25

LH stimulates what?

Answer 25

gonads to make androgens

Question 26

Production of milk in the mammary glands is promoted by what hormone?

Answer 26

prolactin

Question 27

TSH stimulates what?

Answer 27

Thyroid to release thyroid hormones (T4, T3, Calcitonin)

Question 28

Which hormone stimulates growth?

Answer 28

GH (Growth hormone)

Question 29

What stimulates the adrenal cortex to release hormones?

Answer 29

ACTH

Question 30

What does the Pineal Gland produce and what does it control?

Answer 30

Melatonin - controls circadian rhythm (sleep cycle)

Question 31

What hormones does the thyroid produce? What is their function?

Answer 31

Produces T4 & T3 - regulates metabolic rate of the body Calcitonin - decreases calcium in the blood

Question 32

What increases calcium in the blood?

Answer 32

The Parathyroid Gland by producing PTH (parathyroid hormone)

Question 33

What cells are produced in the pancreas and what do they do?

Answer 33

Alpha Cells INCREASE glucose Beta Cells DECREASE glucose

Question 34

The Adrenal Glands consist of ______ ______ and ______ _____

Answer 34

Adrenal Medulla Adrenal Cortex

Question 35

What does the adrenal medulla produce and what does that control?

Answer 35

norepinephrine & epinephrine Fight or flight response

Question 36

Where is cortisol produced and what is it?

Answer 36

produced in Adrenal cortex Is the stress hormone

Question 37

The adrenal cortex produces cortisol and ______

Answer 37

aldosterone - reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium

Question 38

What are the 2 gonads?

Answer 38

Ovaries and Testes

Question 39

What hormones does the Ovary produce and their functions?

Answer 39

Progesterone - Uterine lining & maintaining Estrogen - Uterine lining growth and secondary sex characteristics

Question 40

The zygote produces what hormone to prevent the cycle from starting?

Answer 40

HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)

Question 41

Testes produce what hormones?

Answer 41

Androgen - Testosterone is an androgen

Question 42

What hormone makes sperm cells and controls secondary sex hormones?

Answer 42

Testosterone

Question 43

What structure is in more than 1 system and what is its function within those systems?

Answer 43

Liver – Lymphatic - Absorption of lipids, lipid soluble vitamins & drugs - Digestive - Produce Bile Pancreas – Endocrine - produce, store, and secrete hormones that regulate glucose levels - Digestive - produce and secrete pancreatic juice into duodenum