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Biology 2025 > Lab Exam > Flashcards

Lab Exam Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

What color is the bag when iodine and starch combine?

A

Dark Blue

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2
Q

What does the tube represent in this iodine-starch lab?

A

Semi-permeable membrane

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3
Q

Which substance moved in the iodine and starch experiment?

A

Iodine

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4
Q

Did the dialysis tubing shrink or swell?

A

Shrink

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5
Q

What color change occurred in the beaker?

A

Purple in the beaker

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6
Q

Was the substance in the dialysis tubing hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic?

A

hypotonic

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7
Q

What happens to blood when you eat salty chips?

A

Pulls water out of the cells

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8
Q

Why does a plant dry out if it is not watered?

A

Water is pulled from the roots into the drier soil

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9
Q

Which has a greater surface area to volume ratio: a long tube or a cube?

A

The long tube

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10
Q

Why is a higher surface area to volume ratio important for a cell?

A

It can get more nutrients in and more wastes out

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11
Q

How do villi enhance nutrient absorption?

A

They increase surface area in the small intestine

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12
Q

How does chewing affect digestion?

A

Increases surface area for enzymes to act on

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13
Q

Why do babies change temperature quicker than adults?

A

They have a higher surface area to volume ratio

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14
Q

What are the main parts of the rat’s digestive system you must label?

A
  • liver
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • esophagus
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15
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

Moves food (bolus) from the mouth to the stomach

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16
Q

How can you differentiate between the esophagus and trachea?

A

The esophagus is smooth, while the trachea has rings of cartilage

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17
Q

What is an example of mechanical digestion in the esophagus?

A

Peristalsis

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18
Q

What does the liver produce, what is its function, and where is it stored??

A

Bile is produced to emulsify fats, stored in gallbladder

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19
Q

What enzyme is released in the stomach, what nutrient does it break down, and into what?

A

Pepsin breaks down protein into amino acid

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20
Q

Which organ secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine?

A

Pancreas

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21
Q

What enzyme is released in the small intestine which breaks down proteins, and into what?

A

Trypsin breaks down protein into amino acids

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22
Q

What enzyme is released in the small intestine that breaks down carbohydrates, and into what?

A

Amylase breaks down carbs into glucose

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23
Q

What enzyme is released in the small intestine that breaks down fats, and into what?

A

Lipase breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol

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24
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Reabsorb water and vitamin K

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25
Which leaf burned in the lab and why?
The one without Vaseline, no barrier to protect it from acid
26
Why does the stomach have a low pH?
It kills bacteria and other harmful pathogens, catalyze the reaction of pepsin breaking down proteins
27
What does this lab demonstrate regarding pH and leaves?
Vaseline protects the leaf from burning
28
What is an ulcer?
Occurs when the mucus lining wears away and HCl burns the stomach walls
29
What does starch break down into?
glucose
30
Which organs secrete amylase?
Salivary glands and pancreas
31
In the enzyme lab, what was the enzyme?
Amylase
32
What was the pH in the enzyme lab?
7
33
Why did the color change in the well plate?
Starch and iodine turn purple; amylase breaks down starch into glucose
34
What is the function of an enzyme?
It’s a catalyst that speeds up the rate of reactions
35
Why did the liver have a greater reaction than the lettuce?
The lettuce didn’t have the right substrate for the enzyme
36
Should crushed liver have a faster or slower reaction rate than whole liver?
Faster
37
Why does crushed liver react faster?
It has more surface area
38
Why do enzymes work better at a pH of 7?
It's the ideal condition for enzymes in the body
39
Why did the boiled liver not react like the raw liver?
The cooked liver was denatured
40
What is phenolphthalein an indicator for?
Base
41
What color is phenolphthalein in a base?
pink
42
What color is phenolphthalein in an acid?
clear
43
What color is phenolphthalein at the start of the activity?
pink
44
What color is phenolphthalein at the end of the activity?
clear
45
What do you add when you breathe into phenolphthalein?
Carbon dioxide
46
Is CO2 acidic or basic in water?
acidic
47
How is the lab linked to the negative feedback loop for breathing?
Increased CO2 lowers blood pH, prompting increased breathing
48
What antigen/antigens and antibody/antibodies does AB- blood have?
Antigen: A,B; Antibody: Rh
49
What antigen/antigens and antibody/antibodies does B+ blood have?
Antigens: B, Rh; Antibody: A
50
What happens when you push up on the diaphragm?
Air goes out, exhale
51
What happens when you push down on the diaphragm?
Air goes in, inhale
52
When you exhale, is the pressure higher in the chest cavity or outside?
In the chest
53
Why does the chest cavity need to stay air tight?
To maintain the pressure gradient
54
What is a positive test result for glucose in urine?
Green
55
What is a negative test result for glucose in urine?
Yellow
56
What is a positive test result for protein in urine?
Violet solution with precipitate
57
What is a negative test result for protein in urine?
Blue solution with precipitate
58
What indicates acidic urine?
pH between 4 and 6
59
What indicates neutral urine?
pH around 6.6
60
What is a positive test result for the presence of ketones?
Sweetish odor
61
What is a negative test result for the presence of ketones?
No sweetish odor
62
What type of infection does Sarah likely have?
Bacteria
63
What evidence supports the conclusion of a bacterial infection?
Pus, high fever
64
What is the treatment for Sarah's infection?
Antibiotics
65
What type of infection does Jessie likely have?
Viral
66
What evidence supports the conclusion of a viral infection?
Two systems, digestive and respiratory
67
What is the treatment for Jessie's infection?
Antivirals or rest
68
List one function of the lungs.
Inhales oxygen needed for cellular respiration
69
List two functions of the liver.
* Detoxifies drugs and other substances * Produces Bile
70
List two functions of the kidneys.
* Filters out substances * Controls pH * Controls water balance
71
List two functions of the pancreas.
* Produces insulin for glucose absorption * Produces lipase, trypsin, and amylase
72
Which gummy bear was placed in pure water?
The larger one
73
How was it concluded that the larger gummy bear was in pure water?
It had a higher solute concentration than the pure water
74
Which gummy bear was placed in water and salt?
The smaller one
75
How was it concluded that the smaller gummy bear was in water and salt?
It had a lower solute concentration than the salt and water

Biology 2025 (18 decks)

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