Lab final quizzes Flashcards by Marisa Martinez

List two functions of blood.

Distribution
transportation of nutrients, gases, and waste products.
Regulation
Regulate body temperature, pH and osmotic pressure

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What’s the most common leukocyte in the body?

Neutrophils

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What is the function of neutrophils discussed in lab?

Phagocytic protection

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Is neutrophil an agranulocyte or granulocyte?

Granulocyte

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Calculate the blood donor’s hematocrit using the values provided.

20mm/70mm = 28.5 X 100 = 29%

Hematocrit calculation was based on the formula: (Red blood cell volume / Total blood volume) x 100.

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What blood type does the blood donor have according to the image?

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What antigen(s) does this blood donor have?

A-antigens

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What antibody(-ies) does this blood donor have?

Anti-B antibodies

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What blood types can receive this donor’s blood?

AB, Universal acceptor

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Name one blood clotting factor that is a reactant.

Prothrombin
Prothrombin—>prothrombin activator—>thrombin
Reactant———>catalyst————————>product
Fibrinogen——>thrombin———————>fibrin

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What is the solvent of plasma?

Water

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Identify the leukocyte that the pointer is at?

Neutrophil (dark purple multicolored nucleus)
Eosinophil (cytoplasm shaped telephone, cytoplasm stained red)
Basophil (big purple cell)
Lymphocyte (slip of cytoplasm)
Monocyte (huge cell, lots of cytoplasm)

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Granulocyte

filled with granules
Neutrophils -> phagocytosis *most numerous WBC
Eosinophils-> attacks parasites
Basophils-> inflammatory response and produces histamine

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Agranulocytes

Lymphocyte–>adaptic specific immune respone
Monocyte–> phagocytosis

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What is the SECOND most common leukocyte in the body?

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils
Lymphocyte

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What is the function of eosinophils that was discussed in lab?

Eosiniphils
Kills parasites (worms)

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Are eosinophils agranulocytes or granulocytes?

granulocyte

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Using the information below calculate the blood donor’s hematocrit. Show all of your work.

67% of rbi’s in whole blood

.666 x 100 = 67%

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What blood type is shown in the powerpoint slide at the front of the lab room?

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What antigens does type O negative blood have?

Anti-A and Anti-B

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What type of antibodies does type O negative blood have?

none

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What blood types can receive blood type O negative?

A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+,AB-, O+,O-

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When a person is cut, and a blood vessel is damaged, what is the first thing that the body does to prevent blood loss?

Vasoconstriction

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Outline the coagulating chemical pathway that happens in the blood to make a fibrin mesh. Identify at least one reactant, enzyme, and product.

Prothrombin pathway includes reactants, enzymes, and products.

At least 4 proteins should be named.

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Identify the labeled chamber on the heart model.

right atrium

Does the blood within that chamber have relatively high or low oxygen levels?

high oxygen levels

Identify the labeled blood vessel on the heart model.

left pulmonary vein

Identify the labeled valve on the heart model.

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Identify the labeled coronary blood vessel on the heart model.

coronary artery

Posterior heart blood vessels

Are there HIGH or LOW levels of oxygenated blood in the pulmonary trunk?

LOW

What is the pump for the systemic circuit?

left ventricle

What is another name for visceral pericardium?

epicardium

As blood moves through the heart where does it travel after exiting the right atrium?

tricuspid valve, left ventricle

What is the function of heart valves?

Keep blood from backflow, maintain pressure

What is the pathway of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart starting with the pacemaker?

Sinuatrial node → Atrioventricular node → Bundle of His → Left and right bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

What is the definition of the cardiac cycle?

All the events in one heartbeat.

True or False: Within the cardiovascular system blood moves from high pressure to low pressure.

True

What phase of the cardiac cycle are both types of valves closed and the pressure in the ventricle is decreasing rapidly?

Isovolumetric relaxation

What phase of the cardiac cycle is the pressure in the atrium greater than the pressure in the ventricle?

Ventricular filling

For the ventricular ejection phase, what is the condition of both valve types and which has higher pressure?

Identify the part of the ECG that is labeled.

What electrical event is measured at that part of the ECG?

Ventricular repolarization

Calculate the MAP of a patient with a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg.

MAP = 90 + (140 - 90) / 3 = 106 mmHg

What is the pathway of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart starting with the pacemaker?

Sinuatrial node → Atrioventricular node → Bundle of His → Left and right bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

What is the definition of the cardiac cycle?

All the events in one heartbeat.

True or False: Within the cardiovascular system blood moves from high pressure to low pressure.

True

What phase of the cardiac cycle are both types of valves closed and the pressure in the ventricle is decreasing rapidly?

Isovolumetric relaxation

What phase of the cardiac cycle is the pressure in the atrium greater than the pressure in the ventricle?

Ventricular filling

For the ventricular ejection phase, what is the condition of both valve types and which has higher pressure?

A. AV valve condition - closed B. SL valve condition - open C. Higher Pressure in Ventricle or Aorta? - Aorta

Identify the part of the ECG that is labeled.

T wave

What electrical event is measured at that part of the ECG?

Ventricular repolarization

Calculate the MAP of a patient with a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg.

MAP = 90 + (140 - 90) / 3 = 106 mmHg

Identify the labeled blood vessel on the heart model.

Left common carotid artery

The pointer under the microscope is at an artery or vein?

What blood vessel supplies blood to the labeled skeletal muscle?

Thoracoacromial artery

As blood travels through the systemic circuit to the left intercostals, where does it travel after exiting the aorta?

Left subclavian artery

As blood travels through the systemic circuit to the right pectoralis major, where does it travel after exiting the brachiocephalic trunk?

Capillaries are called ___ vessels. Fill in the blank.

Exchange vessels

Muscular arteries are called ___ vessels. Fill in the blank.

Distributing vessels

Yes, veins deliver blood to the heart and arteries take blood away from the heart. Name one other difference between arteries and veins.

Veins have valves

What layer of blood vessel walls contains smooth muscle?

Tunica media

Name one blood vessel from your terms list that branches off the external carotid artery.

Facial artery

Name one of the three superficial veins of the upper limb that was discussed in lab.

Basilic vein

Left and right brachiocephalic veins merge to form what blood vessel?

Superior vena cava

Aortic Arch

Facia arteries

Abdominal arteries

Upper limb arteries

Map blood vessels Upper Body

Mapping of Veins upper body

Mapping of the vessels Lower Body

Mapping lower veins of the Lower body

Is the structure that you are looking at a respiratory zone or conducting zone?

Conducting zone

What tissue does it have that lets you know if it is a respiratory or conducting zone?

Pseudostratified columnar

Identify the labeled tonsil.

Lingual tonsil

Identify the labeled structure on the larynx model.

Arytenoids

What type of connective tissue mainly composes the above identified structure?

Simple squamous epithelium

Identify the labeled structure on the larynx model.

Hyaline cartilage

Identify the labeled structure of the respiratory system.

Trachea

Where does air travel after leaving the labeled structure during inhalation (breathing in)?

Primary bronchi

Define respiration.

Is the exchange of gases into the blood

How is respiration different from breathing?

Breathing is taking in air, no gas exchange occurs

What respiratory disease did you do your homework on and what did you learn about that respiratory disease?

Emphysema - It reduces surface area making it hard to breathe

What is the prime mover for breathing in and what is the muscle group that is synergistic to that prime mover?

Diaphragm ## Footnote Intercostal muscles

What lung has three lobes?

Right lung

What accessory structure/organ are you looking at under the microscope?

Salivary gland or liver.

What is the arrow pointing at?

This could be a specific cell, duct, or structure.

What type of tooth is labeled in the skull?

Specific type of tooth.

What is that tooth's function?

Function of the tooth.

Where is the muscularis mucosa layer of the digestive tract wall located?

Put the pointer on the muscularis mucosa layer.

What organ of the digestive tract is the labeled section? small intestine

Specific organ of the digestive tract.

What organ of the digestive tract is the labeled section? large intestine

Specific organ of the digestive tract.

What organ of the digestive tract is the labeled section? stomach

Specific organ of the digestive tract.

What organ of the digestive tract is the labeled section? esophagus

Specific organ of the digestive tract.

What is correct about this part of the digestive tract?

A. lots of chemical digestion of lipids B. mainly water is absorbed C. most nutrients are absorbed D. stratified squamous is part of mucosa.

What blood vessel is formed from the merging of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein?

hepatic portal vein

Name one blood vessel that branches off the celiac trunk.

splenic artery

For the blood vessel named above, state one organ of the digestive system that it supplies.

pancreas

Describe what is meant by a portal system.

Portal system is when blood flows through two capillary beds.

Identify the labeled regions of a nephron.

proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

What is the name of the capillary bed where the blood is filtered in the kidney to make filtrate?

glomerulus

In a healthy human, where does a glucose molecule go after it leaves the proximal convoluted tubule?

peritubular capillaries

Name one structure in the urinary system that has simple cuboidal epithelial tissue.

proximal & distal convoluted tubule

Name one structure in the urinary system that has transitional epithelial tissue.

Bladder

What is the name of the structure labeled

Corpus cavernosum ## Footnote The corpus cavernosum is a pair of sponge-like regions of erectile tissue that contain most of the blood in the penis during an erection.

What structure is identified as the 'prostate gland'?

Prostate gland ## Footnote The prostate gland is responsible for producing prostatic fluid, a component of semen.

What structure is labeled as

Epididymis ## Footnote The epididymis is a tube where sperm mature and are stored.

What is cut during a vasectomy?

Vas deferens ## Footnote A vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception.

After exiting the straight tubule, into what structure do sperm enter?

Rete testis ## Footnote The rete testis is a network of tubules that transports sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis.

Name a sperm cell that does NOT divide.

Spermatid ## Footnote Spermatids are the result of meiosis in spermatogenesis and do not divide further.

What are the two fluids that make up semen? (Sperm is not a correct answer)

Seminal fluid, prostatic fluid ## Footnote Seminal fluid is produced by the seminal vesicles, while prostatic fluid is produced by the prostate gland.

Name a sperm cell that is diploid.

Spermatogonium ## Footnote Spermatogonia are the germ cells that undergo mitosis to produce sperm cells.

Fill in the blank: For the hormone given above, describe its function: Luteinizing hormone targets _______ cells.

Interstitial ## Footnote Interstitial cells in the testes produce testosterone in response to luteinizing hormone.

What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone?

Stimulates spermatogenesis in testes ## Footnote Follicle stimulating hormone is crucial for the development of sperm in the male reproductive system.