unit 9 Digestive Histology

Question 1

What is the inner layer of the alimentary canal’s wall called?

Answer 1

Mucosa

The mucosa comes in direct contact with the lumen where food travels.

Question 2

What are the three layers of the mucosa?

Answer 2

• Epithelium
• Lamina propria
• Muscularis mucosae

Question 3

What type of epithelium is found in areas of the digestive tract exposed to abrasive forces?

Answer 3

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

What type of epithelium is primarily found in the remaining regions of the digestive tract?

Answer 4

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 5

What is the function of goblet cells within the simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 5

Secrete mucus

Question 6

What is the connective tissue layer that anchors the epithelium to other tissues in the mucosa?

Answer 6

Lamina propria

Question 7

What is the muscularis mucosa?

Answer 7

A layer of smooth muscle providing localized movement

Question 8

What is the layer of loose connective tissue located under the mucosa called?

Answer 8

Submucosa

Question 9

What nerve network is found within the submucosa?

Answer 9

Submucosal plexus

Question 10

What are the two layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa?

Answer 10

• Inner circular layer
• Outer longitudinal layer

Question 11

What is the function of the myenteric plexus?

Answer 11

Controls muscle contraction of the muscularis externa

Question 12

What are the outer layers of the digestive tract wall called?

Answer 12

Serosa

Question 13

What is the fibrous connective tissue layer found in the esophagus called?

Answer 13

Adventitia

Question 14

What is the gastroesophageal junction?

Answer 14

The transition where the esophagus meets the stomach

Question 15

What type of cells make up the stomach’s mucosa?

Answer 15

Mucous cells (simple columnar cells)

Question 16

What do gastric pits lead into?

Answer 16

Gastric glands

Question 17

What structures in the small intestine increase surface area for absorption?

Answer 17

• Plicae circulares
• Villi
• Microvilli

Question 18

What are Brunner’s glands also known as?

Answer 18

Duodenal glands

Question 19

What do intestinal crypts secrete?

Answer 19

• Enzymes
• Hormones

Question 20

What type of cells are found in the small intestine to aid in movement of food debris?

Answer 20

Goblet cells

Question 21

What are Peyer’s patches?

Answer 21

Aggregated lymphoid nodules found in the small intestine

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a network of nerves located in the muscularis externa.

Answer 22

Myenteric plexus

Question 23

True or False: The esophagus has serosa.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is the primary function of the hepatocytes in the liver?

Answer 24

Metabolism and detoxification

Question 25

What are the three components of a hepatic triad?

Answer 25

* Portal arteriole * Portal venule * Bile duct

Question 26

What is the primary function of duodenal glands?

Answer 26

Secretion of mucus to aid in neutralizing acidic chyme from the stomach

Question 27

Where does most absorption occur in the small intestine?

Answer 27

Jejunum

Question 28

What are Peyer's patches?

Answer 28

Aggregated lymphoid nodules in the ileum that house leukocytes

Question 29

What is the main characteristic of the ileum compared to other regions of the small intestine?

Answer 29

Higher concentration of bacteria and pathogens

Question 30

What is the primary function of goblet cells in the large intestine?

Answer 30

Secretion of mucus

Question 31

What role does mucus play in the large intestine?

Answer 31

* Aids in the passage of food debris * Protects the wall of the large intestine from acid

Question 32

How many different species of microbes are estimated to be in the gut?

Answer 32

About 200

Question 33

What vitamins do some gut microbes produce?

Answer 33

* Vitamin K * B vitamins

Question 34

What distinguishes the large intestine in tissue samples?

Answer 34

Lacks villi or pits but contains a significant number of goblet cells

Question 35

What is the structural organization of the liver?

Answer 35

Divided into hexagonal lobules

Question 36

What is the primary cell type found in liver lobules?

Answer 36

Hepatocytes

Question 37

What are the functions of hepatocytes?

Answer 37

* Produce bile * Store glucose * Make important blood proteins

Question 38

What type of capillaries are found in the liver?

Answer 38

Sinusoids

Question 39

What is the function of Kupffer cells in the liver?

Answer 39

Digest unwanted bacteria and debris from blood

Question 40

What are the two important regions of the pancreas?

Answer 40

* Exocrine * Endocrine

Question 41

What do acinar cells in the pancreas produce?

Answer 41

Enzymatic bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice

Question 42

What hormones do pancreatic islets produce?

Answer 42

* Insulin * Glucagon

Question 43

What is the primary characteristic of salivary glands' epithelium?

Answer 43

Prominent ducts with simple cuboidal and columnar epithelia

Question 44

What are serous cells responsible for?

Answer 44

Releasing a thin, watery fluid and enzymes for chemical digestion

Question 45

What do mucous cells produce?

Answer 45

Thick mucus

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the first region of the small intestine.

Answer 46

Duodenum

Question 47

True or False: The large intestine primarily absorbs nutrients.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

What structures should be labeled in a histological study of the esophagus?

Answer 48

* Mucosa * Submucosa * Muscularis externa

Question 49

What structures should be identified in the duodenum during histological study?

Answer 49

Duodenal glands

Question 50

What is the purpose of the mini activity mentioned in the text?

Answer 50

Review the digestive tract regions with their correct epithelium and functions