Lab Findings and Interpreting Results

Question 1

What are blood tests performed for?

Answer 1

To assess general health, detect infections, and diagnose medical conditions.

Question 2

What conditions can a CBC help diagnose?

Answer 2

Infections or anaemia

Question 3

What does a lipid panel detect?

Answer 3

-High cholesterol levels
-High cholesterol may increase heart disease risk.

Question 4

What do liver enzyme tests help detect?

Answer 4

-Liver damage
-commonly seen in alcohol-related diseases.

Question 5

What does a Complete Blood Count (CBC) measure?

Answer 5

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 6

What condition might a patient with fatigue and low haemoglobin count suggest?

Answer 6

Anaemia

Question 7

What does an increase in white blood cells (WBCs) indicate?

Answer 7

An infection

Question 8

What could low platelet counts suggest?

Answer 8

Clotting disorders

Question 9

What is the primary function of haemoglobin?

Answer 9

Oxygen transport in the body

Question 10

What symptoms can a low haemoglobin level lead to?

Answer 10

Dizziness and fatigue

Question 11

What might be a treatment for iron deficiency anaemia?

Answer 11

Dietary changes or iron supplements

Question 12

What might a pregnant woman with low haemoglobin require?

Answer 12

Iron supplements

Question 13

What genetic disorder is characterized by abnormal haemoglobin?

Answer 13

Sickle cell disease

Question 14

What shape do red blood cells take in sickle cell disease?

Answer 14

Sickle shape

Question 15

What complications can arise from sickle-shaped cells blocking capillaries?

Answer 15

Pain and tissue damage

Question 16

What are white blood cells (WBCs) essential for?

Answer 16

Immunity

Question 17

What may an elevated WBC count indicate?

Answer 17

Infection

Question 18

In which condition can a low WBC count be seen?

Answer 18

Chemotherapy induced immunosuppression

Question 19

What does an elevated WBC count in leukaemia patients indicate?

Answer 19

Malignancy

Question 20

What does a reduced WBC count in HIV patients suggest?

Answer 20

Immune suppression

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of blood glucose tests?

Answer 21

To diagnose diabetes

Question 22

What fasting glucose level indicates diabetes?

Answer 22

Above 7.0 mmol/L

Question 23

What symptoms might prompt an HbA1c test?

Answer 23

Excessive thirst and frequent urination

(These symptoms suggest potential long-term glucose control issues)

Question 24

What is the fasting glucose level of a diabetic patient needing urgent medical attention?

Answer 24

-12 mmol/L
-Such a level indicates severe hyperglycemia.

Question 25

What immediate action may be required in a child experiencing a hypoglycaemic episode?

Answer 25

Immediate glucose administration

Question 26

What does PEF stand for?

Answer 26

Peak Expiratory Flow

Question 27

What does a Peak flow meter measure?

Answer 27

Airflow through bronchi

Question 28

What is the significance of peak flow meters in asthma management?

Answer 28

They help monitor asthma severity

Question 29

What may a drop in peak flow readings indicate?

Answer 29

Worsening asthma, requiring medication adjustments

Question 30

Fill in the blank: Peak Expiratory Flow is a person's maximum speed of _______.

Answer 30

Expiration

Question 31

What does the spirometry test assess?

Answer 31

lung function

Question 32

what doe the measurements on a spirometry test help us understand?

Answer 32

-lung volumes in normal ventilation -pulmonary diseases

Question 33

What do ECGs detect?

Answer 33

Heart abnormalities such as arrhythmias and myocardial infarctions (ECG may show ST elevation in a patient experiencing a heart attack)

Question 34

What is the significance of elevated troponin levels?

Answer 34

Helps diagnose myocardial infarction

Question 35

What condition requires urgent cardiac care when accompanied by chest pain?

Answer 35

Elevated troponin levels

Question 36

What do nerve conduction studies assess?

Answer 36

Nerve function

Question 37

What symptoms might lead a patient to undergo nerve conduction studies?

Answer 37

-numbness and tingling in the hands -can indicate issues like carpal tunnel syndrome.

Question 38

How do nerve conduction studies help in diagnosing diabetic neuropathy?

Answer 38

By detecting slowed conduction velocities

Question 39

What does urinalysis help detect?

Answer 39

-infections, kidney disease, and diabetes. -Protein in urine may indicate kidney dysfunction.

Question 40

How can urinalysis detect urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer 40

based on nitrites and leukocytes

Question 41

What parameters do dipstick tests assess in urine?

Answer 41

Glucose, protein, ketones, and blood

Question 42

What does glucose in the urine of a diabetic patient indicate?

Answer 42

May need further testing to manage their condition

Question 43

What condition can be confirmed by a urine dipstick revealing glucose?

Answer 43

Diabetes

Question 44

What does haematuria (blood in urine) in a urine dipstick test indicate?

Answer 44

Kidney stones or bladder cancer

Question 45

What do faecal screening tests detect?

Answer 45

Blood or infections in stool

Question 46

What is the purpose of a faecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

Answer 46

Early detection of colorectal cancer

Question 47

What does stool culture identify?

Answer 47

Bacterial infections such as Salmonella or E. coli

Question 48

What hormone do pregnancy tests detect?

Answer 48

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (produced by the placenta)

Question 49

When does the placenta start producing hCG after fertilization?

Answer 49

Around 6 days after fertilization

Question 50

What does the presence of hCG in a test confirm?

Answer 50

Pregnancy

Question 51

What type of test may women with irregular periods use to track fertility?

Answer 51

Ovulation test

Question 52

What is the purpose of an at-home sperm test?

Answer 52

To assess male fertility

Question 53

What does a Creatinine Test measure?

Answer 53

The level of creatinine in the blood or urine (helps assess kidney function)

Question 54

What does elevated creatinine suggest?

Answer 54

-Kidney dysfunction -Low levels may indicate muscle loss or certain liver diseases.

Question 55

What is often used to estimate kidney function alongside the Creatinine Test?

Answer 55

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculations

Question 56

In which populations might creatinine levels be naturally higher?

Answer 56

Athletes or those with high muscle mass

Question 57

Why is the creatinine test related to muscles?

Answer 57

-Creatinine is a waste product generated from the breakdown of creatine -Creatine is stored in muscles and used for energy production.

Question 58

What does the Serum Albumin Test measure?

Answer 58

The amount of albumin in the blood.

Question 59

What is albumin?

Answer 59

A major protein in the blood made by the liver.

Question 60

What substances does albumin help carry throughout the body?

Answer 60

* Hormones * Vitamins * Enzymes

Question 61

What condition may lead to high albumin levels?

Answer 61

Dehydration.

Question 62

What do low levels of albumin often indicate?

Answer 62

Impaired liver function and other conditions.

Question 63

What tests is the Serum Albumin Test commonly used alongside?

Answer 63

Other liver function tests (LFTs).

Question 64

What does a Lipid Panel (Lipid Profile) test measure?

Answer 64

Levels of different types of cholesterol and lipids in the blood, including LDL, HDL, Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides

Question 65

What is Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol commonly referred to as?

Answer 65

Bad cholesterol

Question 66

What is High-density lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol commonly referred to as?

Answer 66

Good cholesterol

Question 67

What health risks are associated with high LDL cholesterol?

Answer 67

Increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart attack, stroke, and atherosclerosis ( plaque buildup in arteries)

Question 68

What does low HDL cholesterol indicate?

Answer 68

It is a risk factor for heart disease

Question 69

What can high triglyceride levels indicate?

Answer 69

Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or excessive fat intake

Question 70

When is a Lipid Panel test often recommended?

Answer 70

For routine cardiovascular risk assessment.

Question 71

What factors influence the results of a Lipid Panel test?

Answer 71

Diet, lifestyle, and genetics

Question 72

What effect does a high-fat meal have before a cholesterol test?

Answer 72

-It may temporarily elevate readings -Fasting is crucial for accurate cholesterol and glucose tests.

Question 73

what affects kidney function tests?

Answer 73

hydration status

Question 74

What can influence liver enzyme levels?

Answer 74

-Medications -Certain medications may increase or decrease liver enzyme levels.

Question 75

What impact does intense exercise have before a test?

Answer 75

It can increase creatine kinase (CK) levels and affect blood glucose readings.

Question 76

How can emotional stress affect test results?

Answer 76

It can elevate cortisol levels and influence blood pressure and glucose levels.

Question 77

What effect does smoking have on test results?

Answer 77

It can increase white blood cell count.

Question 78

What tests does alcohol consumption affect?

Answer 78

It can affect liver function tests and triglyceride levels.

Question 79

What can lead to variations in test results?

Answer 79

Differences in sample handling, processing, and instrumentation.