12 w in past 12 months have 2/3 sxs: - relieved by defecation - change in frequency of stool - change in form of stool

Lab markers, diagnostic signs, buzz words Flashcards by Natsumi Seki

Cullen sign

Acute pancreatitis

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Grey-Turner sign

Acute pancreatitis

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CA 19-9

GB adenocarcinoma

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HLA-DQ2

Celiac disease

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tTGA IgA, EMA

Celiac disease

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Cobblestoning

Crohn’s disease

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Lead pipe

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Hasselbach’s

Direct inguinal hernia

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High pitched tinkling sounds

Intestinal obstruction

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Rome Criteria

12 w in past 12 months have 2/3 sxs:

relieved by defecation
change in frequency of stool
change in form of stool

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Technetium-99 radioisotop

Use in:
Meckel’s diverticulum
Grave’s Dz

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CEA marker

CRC

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GGT increased

cholestasis

alcoholism

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AFP marker

hepatocellular carcinoma

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diffuse ST elevation

acute pericarditis

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irregularly irregular pulse

A fib

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diastolic rumble

mitral or tricuspid stenosis

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diastolic “opening snap”

mitral stenosis

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crescendo-descrescendo ejection murmur

aortic or pulmonic stenosis

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holosystolic murmur

mitral or tricuspid regurg

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decrescendo diastolic murmuc

aortic or pulmonic regurg

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LD1>LD2

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ApoA1 is good or bad

good

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Apo B is good or bad

bad

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Apoa is good or bad

bad

Delta wave

Wolff-Parkinson-White

anti microsomal =

TPOAb

Chvostek's sign

Hypoparathyroidism | Facial movement

21-hydroxylase enzyme defect

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

acquired hemolytic anemia - warm

IgG | "gloves keep you warm"

acquired hemolytic anemia - cold

IgM | "mayonnaise should be cold"

direct and indirect coombs

Extravascular tests for hemolytic anemia

basophilic stippling

alpha-thalassemia

Heinz bodies and bite cells

G6PD

JAK2 mutation

Polycythemia vera

Increased PT (INR) and PTT

DIC

Prolonged PTT, normal INR

Hemophilia

VIII deficinecy

Hemophilia A

hemorrhage in the joints

Hemophilia A

IX deficiency

Hemophilia B

Normal INR and PTT w suden onset petechiae

ITP

Vitamin K factors

II, VII, IX, X, protein C & S

PT elevated

Vitamin K deficiency

Increased PTT

Von Willebrand disease

inability to stabilize facor VIII

von willebrand disease

Urine porphobilinogen

Acute intermittent porphyria

Ferrochelatase def

Erythropoietic protoporphyria

Roth and cotton wool spots

AML

Virgin B cells

CLL

Reed-sternberg cells

hodgkin lymphoma

M-spike | Punched out lytic lesions

Multiple myeloma

antigp120

HIV/AIDS

bamboo spine

Ankylosing spondylitis

Edrophonium test

Myasthenia gravis

Racoon eyes | Gottrons patches

Polymyositis/dermatomyositis

HLA B-27

Reactive arthritis

HLA-DR4

anti-SSA/Ro | anti-SSB/LA

Sjogren

Schirmer test

Sjogren

HLA B8/DR | Anti-dsDNA

SLE

Anaphylaxis EPI dose

0.3-0.5 1:1,000 EPI IM

Anaphylaxis Diphenhydramine dose

50 mg IM or IV q 4-6 hrs

Pulm fungal infection east of the Mississippi

Blastomycosis

Valley fever Cali Will see after earthquakes skin infxn = good prognosis

Coccidiodomycosis

Pulm fungal infection in Ohio and Mississippi

Histoplasmosis

Trachea deviates towards lesion

Atelectasis

Blue bloater | increased pCO2

chronic bronchitis

Pink puffer | reactive polycythemia

Emphysema

asbestos starts in: upper or lower lobes and takes _ years to develop sxs

lower | 10 years

silicosis starts in: upper or lower lobes and takes _ years to develop sxs

upper | 20 years

bronchopneumonia pathogen | atypical - patchy consolidation

mycoplasma

lobular pneumonia pathogen

streptococcus pneumonia

trachea deviates away from lesion

pneumothorax

pink frothy sputum

pulmonary edema

Homans sign

pulmonary embolism | discomfort while squeezing calf

pulmonary HTN values

>25 at rest | >30 w exercise

non-caseating granulomas

sarcoidosis

Horner syndrome

pancoast tumor | IL lid lag, miosis (pinpoint pupil), IL anhidrosis

descending symmetric flaccid paralysis

botulism

Negi bodies

rabies

ascending and symmetrical motor weakness

Guillain-Barre

Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck test

Herpes zoster | examination of fluid from a bullae

muscle rigidity in a descending pattern

tetanus

worst HA of my life

cerebral aneurysm

``` seizure: unresponsive for 5-10 seconds can occur up to 100 times/day blinking eye-rolling ```

Absence seizure | aka petit mal

``` seizure: localized to one part of brain pt is aware UL muscle contraction lip smacking ```

Focal/partial seizure

``` seizure: prodrome of irritability tonic muscle contracts > violent jerking > tongue biting elevated serum CK ```

Generalized seizure | aka grand mal

degeneration of anterior horn cells (motor neurons)

ALS

Accumulation of defective proteins in neurons | Chorea

Hunington's

CNS demyelination

anterior horn destruction causing asymmetrical permanent muscles weakness may also see fever

Post-polio syndrome

brain CA in frontal lobe

astrocytoma

CA in brain stem

Glioma

Tumors near meninges

meningioma

pustules w/ burning sensation and ruddy complexion | involves pilosebaceous units

Acne rosacea

multiple openings | larger than a boil

carbuncles

Tznack smear shows multinucleated giant epithelial cells

Herpes Simplex

Yellow honey crusted exudate, surround by erythema

Impetigo vulgarious (nonbullous)

Clear yellow turbid fluid, no surround erythema

Bullous impetigo

6 P's: pruritic, polygonal, planar, purple, papules, plaques

Lichen planus

Pain out of proportion to clinical findings | Diagnosis made clinically and tx should begin ASAP

necrotizing fasciitis

Nits

Pediculosis (lice)

Lipoma description

moveable, soft, rubber

"stuck on" appearance | waxy papule appearance

seborrheic keratosis

Acanthosis nigricans is a marker of

insulin resistance

Eczema is a __ mediated rxn | and on __ surfaces

IgE | Flexor

Bull's eye pattern

Erythema multiforme

Pemphigus vulgaris is a __ reaction | and is ___ (superficial or deep)

Type II | Superficial

Pemphigus pemphigoid is a __ reaction | and is ___ (superficial or deep)

Type II | Deep

Nikolsky's sign | Asboe-Hansen sign

Pemphigus vulgaris nikolsky (rubbing causes separation of epidermis) asboe (lateral pressure to bulla causes it to extend laterally)

Auspitz sign

Psoriasis

Urticaria is a __ reaction

IgE

sandpaper-like texture

actinic keratosis

Most common malignancy in humans

BCC

red-purple papules that ulcerate | associated with immunodeficiency

Kaposi sarcoma

favors upper lip

BCC

favors lower lip

SCC

initially presents as non-healing ulcer

SCC

90% of breast cancer is in __

ductal epithelium

Screening mammography should be performed every __ years from ages __

2-3 years | 50-74

Most aggressive breast cancer

inflammatory carcinoma

most common breast cancer

invasive ductal carcinoma

Mastitis pathogen

Staph aureus

Painless vaginal bleeding Snowstorm appearance on US increased hCG

Hyatidiform mole

Group B strep should be screen at __ weeks

35-37

Toxoplasmosis can be transmitted in __ trimester

third

T/F: TIBC is elevated in pregnant

True

Folate deficiency anemia can cause __ defects in __ trimester

Neural tube | First

Gestational diabetes can occur in ___ weeks and plasma glucose is > __

24-48 | 10.3

Polyhydraminos is > ___ cc of amniotic fluid and has __ x __ cm pocket of fluid on US

2000 | 8 x 8

In pregnancy: HTN > 140/90 Proteinuria > 300 Pitting edema

Pre-eclampsia

Separation of placenta after 20 weeks

Abruptio placenta

Marginal placenta previa has a risk of __

hemorrhage

Painless bright red vaginal bleeding

Placenta Previa

Postpartum hemorrhage is a blood loss of ___

>500 mL

Abortion likely happens prior to __ weeks

If pt has threatened abortion, what amount of blood loss warrants ER

2 pads w/ blood per hour

Bulls-eye rash | BL bell's palsy

Lyme

HLA-B27 dactylitis nail pitting CASPAR criteria

Psoriatic arthritis

Paget disease has __ ALP and __ GGT

high | normal

T score for osteopenia and osteoporosis

penia: -2.5 to -1 porosis: < -2.5

``` In osteomalacia you see high or low of the following: Vit D Phosphate Ca ALP Parathyroid ```

Low D, phosphate and Ca | High ALP and parathyroid

Depuytrens involves which fingers and joints

MP and IP flexion | 4, 5, 3

Trigger fingers involved

1, 3, 4

most common location for cervical disc herniation

C6-7

Most common location of cervical sponylosis

C5-6

Kyphosis cobb angle

>45

Scoliosis angles for bracing and surgery

20-45 brace | >45 surgery

Sciatica involves

L4-S3

Spondylolisthesis involves

L5-S1

Kemp sign and CT myelogram to diagnose

Spinal stenosis

MSK mass that shows stippled or "popcorn" calcifications

Chondroma

Most common benign bone tumor

Osteochondroma

Onion-like skinning and moth-eaten appearance on XR

Ewings sarcoma

benign scrotal masses that are painful

hematocele | varicocele

benign scrotal masses that are painless

hydrocele spermatocele varicocele

Prostate CA occurs in the ___ zone

peripheral

Testicular CA is painful or painless?

Painless

Prehn's sign is positive in __ and negative in ___

Epididymitis | Testicular torsion

List the male repro emergent conditions

Paraphimosis Testicular torsion Prostatitis

BPH occurs in the __ zone

transitional

Proliferative types of glomerulonephritis

IgA neph/ Berger's acute proliferative membranoproliferative Rapidly progressing

Non-proliferative types of glomerulonephritis

minimal-change | membranous

most common type of Ki stone

Calcium

Ca oxalate Cystine Uric acid are from urine acidic or alkaline?

acidic

ca phosphate from urine too acidic or alkaline?

alkaline

which Ki stone cannot be seen on XR

Uric acid

Nephritic s/sx mneumonic

``` PHAROH proteinuria hematuria azotemia RBC casts Oliguria HTN ```

Nephrotic s/sx mneumonic

``` PALE proteinuria > 50 hypoAlbuminemia hyperLipidemia Edema ```

Kidney's w/ moth eaten appearance on US

Polycystic Ki Disease

waxy casts on UA

renal failure

Hunner's ulcers in cytoscopy is gold standard for:

interstitial cystitis

chocolate cysts and/or mulberry spots on laparoscopy

endometriosis

strawberry cervix

trichomoniasis

pressure on eyelid produces toothpaste-like secretion

chalazion

most common cause of reversible blindness | painless

cataracts

most common cause of permanent visual loss in elderly

macular degeneration

progressive central vision loss

macular degeneration

may see flashes of light, blackness in peripheral field, loss of central vision, floaters

retinal detachment

elevated intraocular pressure (>21) | NO redness or pain

Primary open angle glaucoma

extremely elevated intraocular pressure (>40) | Red AND painful

primary angle-closure glaucoma

microaneurysms in the eye is an early clinical sign of

diabetic retinopathy

sudden UL loss of vestibular function and hearing

Labyrinthitis

recurring episodic vertigo and low frequency hearing loss

meniere dz

2 forms of conduction hearing loss

AOM | Otosclerosis

Schwart'z sign | Carhart notch

Otosclerosis schwart'z - faint pint TM Carhart - audiometric artifact

pellagra is __ and associated with ___

Niacin def | Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis

Heberden's nodes located on

DIP

Bouchard's nodes located on

PIP

cogwheel rigidity pill rolling shuffling gait

Parkinson's

For urinary incontinence you want to use a muscarinic agonist or antagonist

antagonist use tolterodine

fifths disease Parvovirus B19 slapped-cheek appearance

Erythema infectiosum

ABRUPT loss of fever, then RASH appears – pink pruritic maculopapules starting at neck and trunk

Roseola infantum

forchheimer’s spots | pink/discrete maculopapular rash, painful post LA

Rubella (German Measles) Forchheimer’s spots = red spots in mouth

Paramyxovirus, 4 day pre and post rash – starts at hairline, 3 c’s: cough, coryza, conjunctivitis Koplik spots

Rubeola (Measles)

Rash that spares the mouth, but has strawberry tongue

Scarlet fever

R to L shunt (congenital heart defects)

Tetralogy of fallot

L to R shunt (congenital heart defects)

ASD VSD Coaractation PDA

EDTA used to chelate

Lead

Lab markers, diagnostic signs, buzz words Flashcards

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