Lab Midterm

Question 1

What are the order of the body from smallest to largest?

Answer 1

Cell->tissue->organ->system

Question 2

The intracellular compartment contains?

Answer 2

67% of fluid in the body

Question 3

The extracellular compartment contains?

Answer 3

33% of the fluid in the body

Question 4

What are the two parts of the extracellular fluid?

Answer 4

Blood Plasma

Interstitial fluid

Question 5

Does carrier mediated transport require energy?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What is Fick’s Law?

Answer 6

Rate of diffusion=[(delta C)(temp)(x-area)]/{(d)(MW)]

Question 7

What is the definition of solubility?

Answer 7

Maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a certain amount of solvent at a given temp

Question 8

A solute is?

Answer 8

substance dissolved

Question 9

A solvent is?

Answer 9

substance that does the dissolving

Question 10

What is osmosis?

Answer 10

The net diffusion of water from an area of greater water concentration to an area of lesser water concentration down a concentration down a concentration gradient

Question 11

What is dialysis?

Answer 11

The net diffusion of a solute through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 12

Something that is hypertonic contains?

Answer 12

less solute and more water than extracellular enviroment

Question 13

Something that is hypotonic contains?

Answer 13

Cells contain more solute and less water than extracellular enviroment

Question 14

What is the senses feedback loop?

Answer 14

Homeostasis->stimulus->brain->response

Question 15

What are the 5 senses?

Answer 15

Taste, smell, vision, hearing and touch

Question 16

Pain receptors are also referred to as what?

Answer 16

nociceptors

Question 17

What are the two types of photoreceptors and what do they do?

Answer 17

Rods (sensitive to lights)

Cones (Sensitive to colors)

Question 18

What is protan?

Answer 18

defect in red cones

Question 19

What is deuteran?

Answer 19

a defect in green cones

Question 20

What is tritan?

Answer 20

a defect in red cones

Question 21

a defect in red cones ?

Answer 21

is tritan

Question 22

a defect in red cones?

Answer 22

deuteran

Question 23

defect in red cones ?

Answer 23

is protan

Question 24

What are the 5 taste receptors?

Answer 24

sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and savory

Question 25

What are the 3 small bones in the middle ear?

Answer 25

Malleus incus stapes

Question 26

What organ regulated blood glucose?

Answer 26

the pancreas

Question 27

What two types of glands are in the pancreas? What do they do?

Answer 27

endocrine-hormones | exocrine- enzymes, fluids, ions

Question 28

What are the 2 cells within the Islets of Langerhans and which secrete insulin and glucagon?

Answer 28

Alpha-secretes glucagon Beta-secretes insulin Delta

Question 29

What are the overlapping functions of the NS

Answer 29

Sensory input Integration Motor Output

Question 30

What is membrane potential?

Answer 30

the potential difference in charge across a membrane

Question 31

Hyperpolarization is?

Answer 31

the inside is more negative

Question 32

Depolarization is?

Answer 32

the inside is more negative

Question 33

In graded potential, the?

Answer 33

magnitude of the change depends on the strength of the stimulus

Question 34

What is the primary goal of muscles?

Answer 34

to convert chemical energy into mechanical work

Question 35

What are the two fundamental features of muscles?

Answer 35

Muscle cells are excitable | Muscles only have one basic mechanism of action (contract and relax )

Question 36

Myofibrils contain?

Answer 36

sarcomeres

Question 37

Sarcomeres contain?

Answer 37

actin and myosin

Question 38

All sarcomeres must do what to contract the muscle?

Answer 38

contract simultaneously

Question 39

What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers?

Answer 39

oxidative fibers Oxidative-glycolytic fibers Glycolytic fibers

Question 40

oxidative fibers have?

Answer 40

many mitochondira, resistant to fatigue and good for distance running

Question 41

Oxidative-glycolytic fibers have?

Answer 41

Red and fast twitch, many mitochondria, middle distance running/swimming

Question 42

Glycolytic fibers have?

Answer 42

White and fast twitch, fastest contractile, easily fatigued, few mitochondria, good for sprinting

Question 43

What are the 4 elements to muscle contraction?

Answer 43

- nerve must activate a skeletal muscle cell - Nerve activation increases the concentration of calcium in the vicinity of the contractile proteins - presence of calcium permits contraction - When muscles are no longer stimulated by a nerve contraction ends

Question 44

What is a twitch?

Answer 44

contraction resulting from a stimulus of sufficient strength and duration applied to muscle

Question 45

What is a summation?

Answer 45

If a muscle is restimulated before the twitch is relaxed, the second twitch will add strength to the first

Question 46

What is tetanus?

Answer 46

state of contration without relaxation caused by short intervals between stimuli

Question 47

What is fatigue?

Answer 47

a condition caused when ATP is used faster that can be produced

Question 48

What is the legth-tension relationship?

Answer 48

Skeletal muscle operate with greatest active force when close to an ideal length and when stretched beyond this length, the maximum active generated can greatly decrease

Question 49

Muscular-dystrophy is?

Answer 49

an inherited disease in which the absence of a single protein causes a leak of calcium into the muscle cells