[LAB] Physical Examination of Urine

Question 1

What causes the yellow color of urine?

Answer 1

urochrome

Question 2

Who named urochrome in 1864?

Answer 2

Thudichum

Question 3

What signifies pale yellow urine?

Answer 3

dilute urine

Question 4

What signifies dark yellow urine?

Answer 4

concentrated urine

Question 5

What will be the color of the urine if the specimen has been refrigerated?

Answer 5

Pink

(presence of uroerythrin)

Question 6

What will be the color of the urine if there has been an oxidation of urobilinogen?

Answer 6

Orange-brown (from urobilin)

Question 7

What pigment causes the urine to be pink?

Answer 7

uroerythrin

(from refrigeration)

Question 8

What pigment causes the urine to be orange-brown?

Answer 8

urobilin

Question 9

What signifies the increase in the amount of white foam in urine?

Answer 9

high protein concentration

Question 10

Specimens containing _______ produces yellow foam when shaken (mistaken for bilirubin)

Answer 10

phenazopyridine

(medicine for UTI)

Question 11

What are the 2 drugs for UTI that causes yellow-orange pigment in the urine?

Answer 11

phenazopyridine and azo-gantrisin

Question 12

What causes the dark yellow or amber color of urine?

Answer 12

bilirubin

Question 13

What causes the red color of urine?

Answer 13

blood

Question 14

What causes the brown color of urine?

Answer 14

oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin

Question 15

What is the difference between RBC and hemoglobin/myoglobin in terms of their effect on the urine’s physical characteristics?

Answer 15

• RBCs: red and cloudy
• Hemoglobin/Myoglobin: red + clear

Question 16

What is the difference between hemoglobin and myoglobin?

Answer 16

Hemoglobin - red plasma
Myoglobin - clear plasma

Question 17

What causes the port wine color of urine?

Answer 17

porphyrins

Question 18

What food will cause a red color in alkaline urine?

Answer 18

fresh beets

Question 19

What food will cause red color in acidic urine?

Answer 19

blackberries

Question 20

What causes the black color to alkaline urine from persons with alkaptonuria?

Answer 20

homogentisic acid

Question 21

metabolite of phenylalanine

Answer 21

homogentisic acid

Question 22

What is the colorless pigment that produces melanin?

Answer 22

melanogen

Question 23

What refers to the transparency or turbidity of a urine specimen?

Answer 23

clarity

Question 24

What causes the haziness in normal urine?

Answer 24

squamous epithelial cells and mucus

Question 25

pink brick dust precipitate in acidic urine

Answer 25

amorphous urates

Question 26

Causes white precipitate in urine with alkaline pH.

Answer 26

amorphous phosphates and carbonates

Question 27

What are the most commonly encountered pathologic causes of turbidity?

Answer 27

WBC and bacteria

Question 28

"measure of density"

Answer 28

specific gravity

Question 29

What is the specific gravity of water?

Answer 29

1.000

Question 30

What is the only method in use in routine urinalysis that requires correcting for the measurement of specific gravity?

Answer 30

refractometer

Question 31

What refers to the specific gravity of the plasma filtrate entering the glomerulus?

Answer 31

isosthenuric

Question 32

What is the range of the specific gravity of a normal random urine specimen?

Answer 32

1.002-1.035

Question 33

What is the principle of refractometry?

Answer 33

refractive index

Question 34

In refractometry, what determines the velocity and angle at which light passes through a solution?

Answer 34

concentration of dissolved particles

Question 35

In refractometry, what determines the angle at which the light beam enters the prism?

Answer 35

concentration of specimen

Question 36

comparison of the velocity of light in air with the velocity of light in a solution

Answer 36

refractive index

Question 37

What is the compensation temperature in the refractometer?

Answer 37

15-38℃

Question 38

When calibrating the refractometer, how much NaCl is used?

Answer 38

5% NaCl

Question 39

1g molecular weight of a substance divided by the number of particles into which it dissociates

Answer 39

osmole

Question 40

Incorporation of _______ (indicator) on the reagent pad measures the change in pH

Answer 40

bromthymol blue

Question 41

What method of measurement uses the principle of pKa changes of a polyelectrolyte by ions present?

Answer 41

reagent strip