Urinalysis

Question 1

Egyptian hieroglyphics that have references to the study of urine.

Answer 1

Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus

Question 2

He wrote uroscopy and formulated 4 humors.

Answer 2

Hippocrates

Question 3

He discovered albuminuria by boiling urine.

Answer 3

Frederik Dekker

Question 4

He wrote a book about pisse prophets

Answer 4

Thomas Bryant

Question 5

Charlatans w/o medical credentials that compromised the credibility of urinalysis by offering predictions to the public for a healthy fee

Answer 5

Pisse prophets

Question 6

He introduced urinalysis as part of a doctor’s routine patient examination.

Answer 6

Richard Bright

Question 7

Ultrafiltrate of plasma

Answer 7

urine

Question 8

• primary organic component
• from liver
• product of protein and amino acid metabolism

Answer 8

urea

Question 9

product of creatine metabolism by muscles

Answer 9

creatinine

Question 10

product of nucleic acid breakdown in food and cells

Answer 10

uric acid

Question 11

• primary inorganic compound
• on sodium + other inorganic substances

Answer 11

chloride

Question 12

regulates blood and tissue fluid acidity

Answer 12

ammonium

Question 13

What is the normal daily urine output?

Answer 13

1200-1500mL

Question 14

• ↓ urine output
• commonly seen when the body enters a state of dehydration from excessive water loss

Answer 14

oliguria

Question 15

cessation of urine flow

Answer 15

anuria

Question 16

↑ nocturnal excretion of urine

Answer 16

nocturia

Question 17

• ↑ daily urine volume
• often associated with diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus

Answer 17

polyuria

Question 18

What type of diabetes has a defect either in the pancreatic production of insulin or in the function of insulin?

Answer 18

diabetes mellitus

Question 19

What type of diabetes involves a decrease in the production or function of antidiuretic hormones?

Answer 19

diabetes insipidus

Question 20

What particular urine component should be tested to determine whether a fluid is a urine?

Answer 20

urea and creatinine

Question 21

What is the required capacity for urine containers?

Answer 21

50mL

Question 22

A urine specimen is tested within ___.

Answer 22

2 hours

Question 23

What temperature is usually used for the preservation of urine specimens?

Answer 23

2-8℃

Question 24

What type of specimen is used for pregnancy tests?

Answer 24

first morning

Question 25

What type of specimen is used for quantitative chemical tests?

Answer 25

24-hour

Question 26

What type of specimen is used for bacterial culture?

Answer 26

catheterized, midstream clean-catch, and suprapubic aspiration

Question 27

What is the most commonly received specimen that detects obvious abnormalities?

Answer 27

random specimen

Question 28

What is the most commonly requested test for bacterial culture?

Answer 28

catheterized specimen

Question 29

Specimen collection that is done by the external introduction of a needle through the abdomen into the bladder.

Answer 29

Suprapubic aspiration

Question 30

a standardized form that must document and accompany every step of drug testing

Answer 30

Chain of custody (COC)

Question 31

a standardized form that must document and accompany every step of drug testing

Answer 31

Chain of custody (COC)

Question 32

How many volume of urine is recommended for drug specimen?

Answer 32

30-45mL

Question 33

In drug specimen collection, the urine temperature must be taken within ____ from the time of collection to confirm the specimen has not been adulterated.

Answer 33

4mins.

Question 34

Who introduced the methods for quantitating the microscopic sediment?

Answer 34

Thomas Addis

Question 35

In what year does urinalysis begin to disappear from routine examination?

Answer 35

1930s

Question 36

How much is the average daily urine output?

Answer 36

1200mL

Question 37

How much is the approximate filtrate converted from the reabsorption of water and filtered substances?

Answer 37

180,000mL (1.8L)

Question 38

What are the solutes that are not present in urine?

Answer 38

glucose and protein

Question 39

What solutes are high in urine?

Answer 39

creatinine urea sodium chloride

Question 40

High uric acid produces what?

Answer 40

gout

Question 41

- combine with chloride and other salts

Answer 41

potassium

Question 42

- combine with sodium to buffer the blood

Answer 42

phosphate

Question 43

- combines with chloride, sulfate, and phosphate

Answer 43

calcium

Question 44

What is the major body constituent?

Answer 44

water

Question 45

How much urine volume is considered normal due to variation?

Answer 45

600-2000mL

Question 46

What refers to the high ingestion of water?

Answer 46

Polydipsia

Question 47

What type of diabetes has high specific gravity?

Answer 47

diabetes mellitus

Question 48

What type of diabetes has low specific gravity?

Answer 48

diabetes insipidus

Question 49

What substances induce polyuria?

Answer 49

diuretics, caffeine, and alcohol

Question 50

Describe the urine container requirements.

Answer 50

1. screw-top lids 2. wide mouth (for female patients) 3. wide, flat bottom (prevent overturning) 4. 50mL capacity

Question 51

How much specimen is needed for microscopic analysis?

Answer 51

12mL

Question 52

At what temperature do enzyme reactions on strips perform best?

Answer 52

room temperature

Question 53

What type of urine specimen is the most ideal screening specimen?

Answer 53

first morning specimen

Question 54

What is detected when using the first-morning specimen?

Answer 54

chemicals and formed elements

Question 55

Enumerate the solutes that exhibit diurnal variations on 24hr specimens.

Answer 55

1. catecholamines 2. 17-hydroxysteroids 3. electrolytes

Question 56

What will happen to the result if the urine is formed before the start of 24hr specimen collection?

Answer 56

falsely elevated

Question 57

What will happen to the result if there is a failure to add urine at the end of 24hr specimen collection?

Answer 57

falsely decreased

Question 58

During midstream clean-catch specimen collection, what cleansing agents should not be used?

Answer 58

- povidone-iodine - hexachlorophene

Question 59

What type of procedure is done during the three-glass collection of prostatitis specimens?

Answer 59

midstream clean-catch procedure

Question 60

What refers to the test that uses 4-glass urine collection?

Answer 60

Stamey-Meares Test

Question 61

Indication of abnormal results on Stamey-Meares Test.

Answer 61

>10-20 WBC/HPO field

Question 62

At what interval will you check the applied bags during pediatric specimen collection?

Answer 62

every 15mins

Question 63

What is the disadvantage of using refrigeration as a preservative?

Answer 63

precipitate amorphous phosphates and urates

Question 64

What preservative keeps the pH of the specimen at 6.0?

Answer 64

Boric acid

Question 65

What is the preservative that has excellent sediment preservatives and acts as a reducing agent?

Answer 65

Formalin

Question 66

What is the preservative that inhibits reagent strip tests?

Answer 66

Sodium fluoride

Question 67

What are the unique characteristics of a urine specimen?

Answer 67

- readily available and easily collected - has information that can be obtained by inexpensive laboratory tests