Microscopic Examination of Urine Flashcards
(45 cards)
Identify the microscopic technique:
for routine urinalysis
bright-field
Identify the microscopic technique:
for elements with low refractive index
(hyaline casts, mucus threads)
phase-contrast
Identify the microscopic technique:
ID of OFB, fatty casts, and crystals
polarizing
Identify the microscopic technique:
ID of Treponema pallidum
dark-field
Identify the microscopic technique:
3D-microscopy
interference-contrast
Identify stain:
action: Delineates structure and contrasting colors of the nucleus and cytoplasm
function: Identifies WBCs, epithelial cells, and casts
Sternheimer-Malbin
Identify stain:
action: Enhances nuclear detail
function: Differentiates WBCs from RTE cells
Toluidine blue
Identify stain:
action: Lyses RBCs and enhances nuclei of WBCs
function: Distinguishes RBCs from WBCs, yeast, oil droplets, and crystals
2% acetic acid
Identify stain:
action: Stain triglycerides and neutral fats orange-red
function: Identify free fat droplets and lipid-containing cells and casts
do not stain cholesterol
Lipid stains
(Oil Red O and Sudan III)
Identify stain:
action: Differentiates gram-positive and gram- negative bacteria
function: Identifies bacterial casts
gram stain
Identify stain:
action: Methylene blue and eosin Y stains eosinophilic granules
function: Identifies urinary eosinophils
Hansel stain
Identify stain:
action: Stains structures containing iron
function: Identifies yellow-brown granules of hemosiderin in cells and casts
Prussian blue stain
settings for centrifugation of microscopic specimens
5mins at 400 RCF
What is the minimum of fields to observe under LPO and HPO?
10 fields
Identify the urine sediment:
- biconcave disk
- ghost cells
sig: glomerular damage, infection, trauma, tumors, renal calculi
RBCs
diluted urine: swell/burst
concentrated urine: crenated/shrink
Identify the urine sediment:
glitter cells with brownian movement
sig: cystitis, pyelonephritis, tumors, renal calculi
neutrophils
Identify the urine sediment:
- largest cell sediment
- clue cells
no clinical significance
squamous epithelial cells
(from linings of vagina, female + male lower urethra)
Identify the urine sediment:
- from linings of renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, upper urethra
- in small numbers
sig: may form syncytia (clumps)
Transitional Epithelial cells
Identify the urine sediment:
- most clinically significant
- indicative of necrosis of renal tubules
sig: tubular necrosis, toxins, viral infections, and renal rejection
Renal tubular epithelial cell
Identify the urine sediment:
- RTE cell containing fat droplets
- Maltese cross appearance with polarized light
sig: nephrotic syndrome
Oval Fat Bodies
Identify the urine sediment:
- urine pH>8
- significant of UTI if accompanied with WBCs
Bacteria
Identify the urine sediment:
- most frequent parasite in urine
- flagellate w/ half undulating membrane
- motility: rapid, jerky, nondirectional
resembles WBC if not moving
T. vaginalis
Identify the urine sediment:
- toxic to urine
- female vaginal contaminants
spermatozoa
Identify the urine sediment:
a protein material that is transparent and thread-like (ribbon)
no clinical significance
mucus
mistaken for hyaline casts
