LAB PRACTICAL 1 Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
Superior
A
Toward the head end of the upper art of the body or structure ; above
2
Q
Inferior
A
away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body or structure; below
3
Q
Anterior (ventral)
A
toward the front of the body; in front of
4
Q
Posterior (dorsal)
A
toward or at the back of the body; behind
5
Q
Medial
A
toward at the midline of the body; on the inner side
6
Q
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.
A
Lateral
7
Q
intermediate
A
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
8
Q
Proximal
A
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
9
Q
Distal
A
Father from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
10
Q
Superficial (external)
A
toward or at the body surface
11
Q
Deep (internal)
A
Away from the body surface; more internal
12
Q
The standard reference point that is used when the body is i a standard position called..
A
Anatomical Position
13
Q
explain where one body structure is in relation to another body structure
A
directional terms
14
Q
define specific areas of the body
A
Regional Terms
15
Q
What body parts consist of the axial major body part subdivision
A
head, neck, and trunk
16
Q
What body parts consist of the appendicular major body part subdivision
A
the limbs
17
Q
sagittal
A
A vertical plane dividing the body into left and right halves
18
Q
Frontal Plane
A
a vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts
19
Q
Transverse
A
a horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
20
Q
what does the Dorsal Cavity contain
A
the brain and spinal cord
21
Q
The ventral cavity
A
Contains the viceral body organs
22
Q
are enclosed in the movable joints of the body
A
Synovial cavities
23
Q
What cavities are contained in the cranial cavity
A
Middle and internal ear cavities
the nasal cavity
the orbits
several air filled cavities called sinuses
24
Q
How many parts compose the axial skeleton
A
The Skull, The Vertebral Column, and The bony Thorax
25
What does the vertebral column consist of
24 individual vertebrae and two fused bones called the sacrum and coccyx
26
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
27
How may thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
28
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
29
How many fused sacral vertebrae are there?
5
30
how many fused coccyx are there?
4
31
What does the bony thorax consist of?
The sternum, 12 pairs of ribs (7 pairs of true ribs & 5 pairs of false ribs
32
bony thorax + the costal cartilages =
The Thoracic Cage
33
How many bones is the appendicular skeleton comprised of?
126 bones in the appendages and limbs, 2 bones in the pectoral girdle, 2 of the bones in the pelvic girdle
34
the pectoral girdle attaches the what to the axial skeleton
upper limbs
35
2 coxal bones + the sacrum + the coccyx =?
The pelvic girdle
36
the coxal bone attach what to the axial skeleton?
lower limbs
37
what are bumps, holes, and ridges that bones have
Bone markings
38
What are the two categories of bone markings?
1. Projections (processes)
2. Depressions (cavities, indentations, or openings )
39
Serve as sites of muscle or ligament attachment or help form joints
- processes
Projections
40
conduits for nerve and blood vessels.
- cavities, indentations, or openings
Depressions
41
large rounded projection; may be roughened
ex. tibial _______
Tuberosity
42
Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent
ex. iliac _____
Crest
43
Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process ( the only examples are on the femur)
ex. greater ... and lesser ...
Trochanter
44
Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
ex. Interochanteric _____
line
45
Small rounded projection or process on a bone
ex. adductor ______
Tubercle
46
Raised area on or above condyle
ex. Medial ______
Epicondyle
47
Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
ex. Spinous Process
Spine
48
any bony prominence aka a natural outgrowth, projection or appendage
ex. Spinous_____
Process
49
bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
ex superior head costal facet (head of rib)
Head
50
smooth, nearly flat articular (joint) surface
ex. body of vertebra
Facet
51
rounded articular projection; often articulates with a corresponding fossa aka the smooth surface area at the end of a bone, forming a part of a joint.
ex. condylar process
Condyle
52
What are examples of bone marking depressions and openings that are used for passage of blood vessels and nerves?
1. Grooves
2. fissuers
3. Foramens
4. notch
5. meatus
6. sinus
7. fossa
53
what are examples of bone markings are surfaces that help to form joints
1. head
2. facet
3. condyle
54
What are examples of bone markings are projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment
1. tuberosity
2. crest
3. trochanter
4. line
5. tubercle
6. epicondyle
7. spine
8. process
55
Groove
furrow
56
narrow, slitlike opening ( groove or cleft)
Fissure
57
round or oval opening through a bone
Foramen
58
indentation at the edge of a structure
Notch
59
canal-like passageway that is an opening or a foramen esp. in a bone or bony structure
Meatus
60
cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
Sinus
61
Shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface ( a pit, cavity, or depression in a bone)
fossa
62
furrow- not as deep as a fissure
Suculus
63
the line of junction of two bones, esp. of the skill
Suture
64
a branch, as of a plant, vein or bone
Ramus
65
resembling a breast or nipple
mastoid
66
infra
below
67
supre
above
68
What are the names of the 5 groups of vertebrae?
cervical curvature, thoracic curvature, Lumbar curvature, Sacral curvature, coccyx
69
How many vertebrae are in the cervical curvature?
7 vertebrae, C1 - C7
70
How many vertebrae are in the Thoracic curvature?
12 vertebrae , T1 - T12
71
How many vertebrae are in the Lumbar curvature?
5 vertebrae L1 - L5
72
How many vertebrae are in the Sacral Curvature?
5 fused vertebrae
73
How many vertebrae are in the Coccyx vertebrae
4 fused vertebrae
74
Where are vertebral disks found in the vertebrae?
between the body portions of individual vertebrae
75
what is the definition of coronoid
Shaped like a crown
76
What is the definition of capitulum?
any globelike or knoblike part, as a flower head or the head of a bone
77
what is the definition of acetabulum
"wine cup"
78
what does symphysis mean?
growing together
79
what does trochanter mean in greek?
runner
80
what are the trochlea and capitulum in the humerus bone
condyles
81
What does the capitulum articulate with?
The radius
82
What does the trochlea articulate with?
the ulna
83
what is the funny bone and what nerve is contained in its groove
medial condyle & the ulnar nerve
84
where is the most common site for fracture in the humerus
Surgical Neck
85
what does this acronym means So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb (SLTPHCTT)
Scaphoid, lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezium, Trapezoid.
86
What are the different characteristics in the female pelvic girdle.
1. pelvis tilted forward
2. bones = thinner, lighter, smoother
3. acetabula = smaller, further apart
4. pubic arch = wider
5. sacrum = wider, shorter
6. coccyx = more moveable, straighter
7. Pelvic inlet or brim = wider
8. pelvic outlet = wider
87
what are the different characteristics in the male pelvic girdle
1. pelvis is less tilted forward
2. bones = thicker, heavier, markings are more prominent
3. acetabula = larger, closer
4 . Pubic arch = narrow
5 . sacrum = narrow and longer
6. coccyx = less movable, curves ventrally
7. pelvic inlet or brim = narrow
8. pelvic outlet = narrow
88
What is the heaviest and strongest bone in the body
Femur/ thigh bone
89
What is the shine bone, larger, more medial
The tibia
90
How many phalanges does each toe except the great toe have
3
91
what guards the knee joint
the patella
92
What are the types of epithelial membranes
Cutaneous, mucous and serous
93
Lines synovial joints, bursae and tendon sheaths
synovial membrane
94
What are the four primary tissue types
Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle tissues
95
What is the functions of epithelial tissue
1. Covers external and internal body surfaces
2. is the boundary between the inside of the body and the environment
3. Avascular
4. regenerative
96
what tissue is a single layer of flattend cells with disc shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia
Simple squamous
97
What tissues function allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important and secretes lubricating substances in serosae
Simple squamous
98
what tissue is located in the kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart; blood vessles, and lymphatic vessels; serosae.
Simple Squamous
99
What tissue is a single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei
Simple cuboidal
100
what tissues function is secretion and absorption
Simple cuboidal
101
What tissue is located in the kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glads; ovary surface.
Simple cuboidal
102
What tissue is a single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei.
simple columnar
103
What tissues function is absorption; secretion of mucous, enzymes, and other substances
Simple columnar
104
What tissues are located and lines the galbladder, digestive tract, and excretory ducts of some glands and some regions of the uterus
Simple columnar
105
what tissue is a single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface;
Pseudo-stratified columnar
106
What tissue functions secrete substances, particularly mucous , propulsion of mucus by cilliary action.
Pseudo-stratified columnar
107
What tissue has cillia and is located in the trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract.
Pseudo-stratified columnar
108
Thick epithelium composed of several cell layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are flatted
Stratified Squamous
109
Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
Stratified Squamous
110
located in the esophagus, vagina, and mouth
Stratified Squamous
111
Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamouslike; depending on degree of organ stretch
Transitional epithelium
112
stretches readily, permits stored urine to distend urinary organ.
Transitional epithelium
113
Lines the urters, bladder, and part of the urethra
Transitional epithelium
114
Most abundant tissue; protects, supports and bind together other tissues
have any cell types
most are vascularized
Connective tissue
115
-A model type of connective tissue
- cells 3 types of fibers
- ground substance
Areolar connective tissue
116
gel-like matrix with all three fiber types: cells: fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells
Connective tissue --> Proper --> loose --> areolar
117
Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid.
Connective tissue --> Proper --> loose --> areolar
118
