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Anatomy and Physiology 2141 > LAB PRACTICAL 1 > Flashcards

LAB PRACTICAL 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head end of the upper art of the body or structure ; above

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2
Q

Inferior

A

away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body or structure; below

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3
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

toward the front of the body; in front of

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4
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

toward or at the back of the body; behind

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5
Q

Medial

A

toward at the midline of the body; on the inner side

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6
Q

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.

A

Lateral

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7
Q

intermediate

A

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

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8
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

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9
Q

Distal

A

Father from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

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10
Q

Superficial (external)

A

toward or at the body surface

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11
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Away from the body surface; more internal

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12
Q

The standard reference point that is used when the body is i a standard position called..

A

Anatomical Position

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13
Q

explain where one body structure is in relation to another body structure

A

directional terms

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14
Q

define specific areas of the body

A

Regional Terms

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15
Q

What body parts consist of the axial major body part subdivision

A

head, neck, and trunk

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16
Q

What body parts consist of the appendicular major body part subdivision

A

the limbs

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17
Q

sagittal

A

A vertical plane dividing the body into left and right halves

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18
Q

Frontal Plane

A

a vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts

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19
Q

Transverse

A

a horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

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20
Q

what does the Dorsal Cavity contain

A

the brain and spinal cord

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21
Q

The ventral cavity

A

Contains the viceral body organs

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22
Q

are enclosed in the movable joints of the body

A

Synovial cavities

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23
Q

What cavities are contained in the cranial cavity

A

Middle and internal ear cavities
the nasal cavity
the orbits
several air filled cavities called sinuses

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24
Q

How many parts compose the axial skeleton

A

The Skull, The Vertebral Column, and The bony Thorax

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25
Q

What does the vertebral column consist of

A

24 individual vertebrae and two fused bones called the sacrum and coccyx

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26
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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27
Q

How may thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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28
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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29
Q

How many fused sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5

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30
Q

how many fused coccyx are there?

A

4

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31
Q

What does the bony thorax consist of?

A

The sternum, 12 pairs of ribs (7 pairs of true ribs & 5 pairs of false ribs

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32
Q

bony thorax + the costal cartilages =

A

The Thoracic Cage

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33
Q

How many bones is the appendicular skeleton comprised of?

A

126 bones in the appendages and limbs, 2 bones in the pectoral girdle, 2 of the bones in the pelvic girdle

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34
Q

the pectoral girdle attaches the what to the axial skeleton

A

upper limbs

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35
Q

2 coxal bones + the sacrum + the coccyx =?

A

The pelvic girdle

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36
Q

the coxal bone attach what to the axial skeleton?

A

lower limbs

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37
Q

what are bumps, holes, and ridges that bones have

A

Bone markings

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38
Q

What are the two categories of bone markings?

A
  1. Projections (processes)
  2. Depressions (cavities, indentations, or openings )
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39
Q

Serve as sites of muscle or ligament attachment or help form joints
- processes

A

Projections

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40
Q

conduits for nerve and blood vessels.
- cavities, indentations, or openings

A

Depressions

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41
Q

large rounded projection; may be roughened
ex. tibial _______

A

Tuberosity

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42
Q

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent
ex. iliac _____

A

Crest

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43
Q

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process ( the only examples are on the femur)
ex. greater … and lesser …

A

Trochanter

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44
Q

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest
ex. Interochanteric _____

A

line

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45
Q

Small rounded projection or process on a bone
ex. adductor ______

A

Tubercle

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46
Q

Raised area on or above condyle
ex. Medial ______

A

Epicondyle

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47
Q

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection
ex. Spinous Process

A

Spine

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48
Q

any bony prominence aka a natural outgrowth, projection or appendage
ex. Spinous_____

A

Process

49
Q

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
ex superior head costal facet (head of rib)

A

Head

50
Q

smooth, nearly flat articular (joint) surface
ex. body of vertebra

A

Facet

51
Q

rounded articular projection; often articulates with a corresponding fossa aka the smooth surface area at the end of a bone, forming a part of a joint.
ex. condylar process

A

Condyle

52
Q

What are examples of bone marking depressions and openings that are used for passage of blood vessels and nerves?

A
  1. Grooves
  2. fissuers
  3. Foramens
  4. notch
  5. meatus
  6. sinus
  7. fossa
53
Q

what are examples of bone markings are surfaces that help to form joints

A
  1. head
  2. facet
  3. condyle
54
Q

What are examples of bone markings are projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment

A
  1. tuberosity
  2. crest
  3. trochanter
  4. line
  5. tubercle
  6. epicondyle
  7. spine
  8. process
55
Q

Groove

A

furrow

56
Q

narrow, slitlike opening ( groove or cleft)

A

Fissure

57
Q

round or oval opening through a bone

A

Foramen

58
Q

indentation at the edge of a structure

A

Notch

59
Q

canal-like passageway that is an opening or a foramen esp. in a bone or bony structure

A

Meatus

60
Q

cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

A

Sinus

61
Q

Shallow, basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface ( a pit, cavity, or depression in a bone)

A

fossa

62
Q

furrow- not as deep as a fissure

A

Suculus

63
Q

the line of junction of two bones, esp. of the skill

A

Suture

64
Q

a branch, as of a plant, vein or bone

A

Ramus

65
Q

resembling a breast or nipple

A

mastoid

66
Q

infra

A

below

67
Q

supre

A

above

68
Q

What are the names of the 5 groups of vertebrae?

A

cervical curvature, thoracic curvature, Lumbar curvature, Sacral curvature, coccyx

69
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical curvature?

A

7 vertebrae, C1 - C7

70
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Thoracic curvature?

A

12 vertebrae , T1 - T12

71
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Lumbar curvature?

A

5 vertebrae L1 - L5

72
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Sacral Curvature?

A

5 fused vertebrae

73
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Coccyx vertebrae

A

4 fused vertebrae

74
Q

Where are vertebral disks found in the vertebrae?

A

between the body portions of individual vertebrae

75
Q

what is the definition of coronoid

A

Shaped like a crown

76
Q

What is the definition of capitulum?

A

any globelike or knoblike part, as a flower head or the head of a bone

77
Q

what is the definition of acetabulum

A

“wine cup”

78
Q

what does symphysis mean?

A

growing together

79
Q

what does trochanter mean in greek?

A

runner

80
Q

what are the trochlea and capitulum in the humerus bone

A

condyles

81
Q

What does the capitulum articulate with?

A

The radius

82
Q

What does the trochlea articulate with?

A

the ulna

83
Q

what is the funny bone and what nerve is contained in its groove

A

medial condyle & the ulnar nerve

84
Q

where is the most common site for fracture in the humerus

A

Surgical Neck

85
Q

what does this acronym means So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb (SLTPHCTT)

A

Scaphoid, lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezium, Trapezoid.

86
Q

What are the different characteristics in the female pelvic girdle.

A
  1. pelvis tilted forward
  2. bones = thinner, lighter, smoother
  3. acetabula = smaller, further apart
  4. pubic arch = wider
  5. sacrum = wider, shorter
  6. coccyx = more moveable, straighter
  7. Pelvic inlet or brim = wider
  8. pelvic outlet = wider
87
Q

what are the different characteristics in the male pelvic girdle

A
  1. pelvis is less tilted forward
  2. bones = thicker, heavier, markings are more prominent
  3. acetabula = larger, closer
    4 . Pubic arch = narrow
    5 . sacrum = narrow and longer
  4. coccyx = less movable, curves ventrally
  5. pelvic inlet or brim = narrow
  6. pelvic outlet = narrow
88
Q

What is the heaviest and strongest bone in the body

A

Femur/ thigh bone

89
Q

What is the shine bone, larger, more medial

A

The tibia

90
Q

How many phalanges does each toe except the great toe have

A

3

91
Q

what guards the knee joint

A

the patella

92
Q

What are the types of epithelial membranes

A

Cutaneous, mucous and serous

93
Q

Lines synovial joints, bursae and tendon sheaths

A

synovial membrane

94
Q

What are the four primary tissue types

A

Epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle tissues

95
Q

What is the functions of epithelial tissue

A
  1. Covers external and internal body surfaces
  2. is the boundary between the inside of the body and the environment
  3. Avascular
  4. regenerative
96
Q

what tissue is a single layer of flattend cells with disc shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia

A

Simple squamous

97
Q

What tissues function allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important and secretes lubricating substances in serosae

A

Simple squamous

98
Q

what tissue is located in the kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart; blood vessles, and lymphatic vessels; serosae.

A

Simple Squamous

99
Q

What tissue is a single layer of cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei

A

Simple cuboidal

100
Q

what tissues function is secretion and absorption

A

Simple cuboidal

101
Q

What tissue is located in the kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glads; ovary surface.

A

Simple cuboidal

102
Q

What tissue is a single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei.

A

simple columnar

103
Q

What tissues function is absorption; secretion of mucous, enzymes, and other substances

A

Simple columnar

104
Q

What tissues are located and lines the galbladder, digestive tract, and excretory ducts of some glands and some regions of the uterus

A

Simple columnar

105
Q

what tissue is a single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface;

A

Pseudo-stratified columnar

106
Q

What tissue functions secrete substances, particularly mucous , propulsion of mucus by cilliary action.

A

Pseudo-stratified columnar

107
Q

What tissue has cillia and is located in the trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract.

A

Pseudo-stratified columnar

108
Q

Thick epithelium composed of several cell layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are flatted

A

Stratified Squamous

109
Q

Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

A

Stratified Squamous

110
Q

located in the esophagus, vagina, and mouth

A

Stratified Squamous

111
Q

Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamouslike; depending on degree of organ stretch

A

Transitional epithelium

112
Q

stretches readily, permits stored urine to distend urinary organ.

A

Transitional epithelium

113
Q

Lines the urters, bladder, and part of the urethra

A

Transitional epithelium

114
Q

Most abundant tissue; protects, supports and bind together other tissues
have any cell types
most are vascularized

A

Connective tissue

115
Q

-A model type of connective tissue
- cells 3 types of fibers
- ground substance

A

Areolar connective tissue

116
Q

gel-like matrix with all three fiber types: cells: fibroblast, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells

A

Connective tissue –> Proper –> loose –> areolar

117
Q

Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid.

A

Connective tissue –> Proper –> loose –> areolar

118
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology 2141 (7 decks)

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