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repro phys > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the progesterone receptor gene

A

Uterus

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2
Q

What is the estrogen response element

A

The release of estrogen triggers the release of progesterone

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3
Q

What is the progesterone response element

A

Prohibits the translation of the estrogen receptor gene

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4
Q

What type of dissection sections appear in a circular shape

A

Cross section

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5
Q

What is eosin

A

A negatively charged acidic dye that stains the cytoplasm typically appear in red or pink

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6
Q

What is hematoxylin

A

A basic dye that stans the nucleus typically appear in purplish blue

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7
Q

What is the function and location of simple squamous epithelium cells

A

Allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration and secretes lubricating substances found in air sacs and the lining of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

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8
Q

What is the function and location of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Secretes and absorbs found in ducts, small glands, and kidney tubules

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9
Q

What is the function and location of simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorbs and secretes mucous and enzymes found in bronchi, uterine tubes, uterus, GIT, and bladder

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10
Q

What is the function and location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Secretes mucus and ciliated tissue moves mucus found in the trachea and URT

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11
Q

What is the function and location of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Protects agains abrasion found in esphagus, mouth, and vagina

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12
Q

What is the function and location of stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Protective tissue found in sweat glands, salivary glands, and mammary glands

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13
Q

What is the function and location of stratified columnar epithelium

A

Secretes and protects found in male urethra and ducts of some glands

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14
Q

What is the function and location of transitional epithelium

A

Allows urinary organs to expand and stretch found in bladder, urethra, and ureters

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15
Q

What is a physical difference btw a follicle and a CL

A

A follicle has a fluid filled cavity

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16
Q

What is the tunica dartos muscle

A

Located near the the smooth muscle of the scrotum it regulates the temp of the testicles which promotes spermatogenesis

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17
Q

What is the stratum subdarticum

A

Loosely woven layer of white connective tissue btw tunica dartos and tunica vaginalis parietal

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18
Q

What is the visceral vaginal tunic

A

Covers the testis and epididymis

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19
Q

What is the parietal vaginal tunic

A

Covering the inner aspect of the scrotal wall

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20
Q

What is the rete testis

A

Located in the hilum of the testicle that carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the efferent ducts

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21
Q

What is the cremaster muscle

A

Surrounds the testis assisting in thermoregulation of the testis by pulling the testis in and out of the body

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22
Q

What is the ductus deferens

A

A muscular tube that is located w/in the spermatic cord that transports spermatozoa from the ejaculatory ducts

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23
Q

What is the vesicular glands

A

Located behind the bladder that produce seminal fluid

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24
Q

What is the prostate gland

A

Located below the bladder that produce seminal fluid

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25
Q

What is the bulbourethral gland

A

Located behind and outside the membranous urethra that lubricates the urethra for passage of ejaculate

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26
Q

What is the urethralis muscle

A

It surrounds the urethra controls involuntary urine flow from the bladder

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27
Q

What is ischiocavernous muscle

A

Located in the superficial perineal space that closes the crura stopping blood flow to the penis and increases the BP in the penis

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28
Q

What is the bulbocavernous muscle

A

Located in the perineum of the testis that pushes semen thru the penis to the outside world

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29
Q

What is the colliculus seminalis

A

Located near the urethral crest that prevents oozing of semen

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30
Q

What is the bulb of urethra

A

Located above the testicles to maintain the urinary continence during physical exercise

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31
Q

What is the sigmoid flexure

A

The s shaped that straightened out when there is an erection

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32
Q

What is the corpus cavernosum penis

A

The erectile tissue of the penis

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33
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum urethra

A

Surrounds the urethra preventing the urethra from pinching closed and can be filled by blood

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34
Q

What is the glans penis

A

The head/tip of your penis

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35
Q

Where does fertilization happens

A

Ampullary isthmic junction of the oviduct

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36
Q

What connects the two uterine horns to each other

A

Intercornual ligament

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37
Q

What is an anatomircal characteristic of a bovine cervix

A

Cervical rings

38
Q

Where is the blind pouch

A

Near the cervix is the fornix of the vagina

39
Q

What do female vestibule glands produce

A

Lubrication and faramones

40
Q

What is the broad ligament

A

Connects the ovary, cervix, and vagina

41
Q

What is the mesometrium

A

Attaches the broad ligament to the uterus and supports it

41
Q

What is the mesosalpinx

A

Attaches the broad ligament to the oviduct and supports it

41
Q

What is the mesovarium

A

Attaches the broad ligament to the ovary and supports it

41
Q

What hormone does a follicle produce

A

Estrogen

42
Q

What is formed after the CL

A

Corpus albicans

43
Q

What is corpus hemorrhagicum

A

The follicle cavity fills w/ blood after ovulation

44
Q

What hormone does the CL produce

A

Progesterone

45
Q

What is the widest part of the oviduct

A

The ampulla

46
Q

What is the purpose of the isthmus

A

The narrowness of the isthmus keeps the egg in longer

47
Q

What is the utero tubal junction

A

The connection of the uterus and the oviduct

48
Q

What is the endometrium

A

The inner layer of the uterine horn

49
Q

What is the myometrium

A

The muscle of the uterine horn

50
Q

What is the perimetrium

A

The outer covering of the uterine horn

51
Q

What hormone does theca interna produce

A

Testosterone

52
Q

What is the zona pellucida

A

The layer that surrounds the oocyte

53
Q

What in the ampulla lumen moves the egg

A

The ciliated epithelium

54
Q

What is the largest part of the isthmus

A

The muscular layer

55
Q

What does the uterine gland produce

A

Secretion known as uterine milk that developes prior to the placenta

56
Q

What happens to the seminiferous degenererates

A

The leydig cells can grow producing same or more testosterone

57
Q

What is the stereocilia

A

Moves sperm from the head to the tail and allows sperm to absorb fluid allowing sperm to survive longer and give them more space to swim

58
Q

What process allows me to consistently produce sperm

A

Spermatigonia

59
Q

What are accessory glands also called

A

Seminal vesicle

60
Q

What is the erection canal

A

Pushes blood to the penis

61
Q

What is the uterus in avians also known as

A

The shell gland

62
Q

What is the function of the indundibulum in the avian reproductive tract

A

Egg pickup and fertilization

63
Q

What is the function of the magnum in the avian reproductive tract

A

Albumen secretion

64
Q

What is the function of the Isthmus in the avian reproductive tract

A

Formation of shell membranes

65
Q

What is the stigma of the avian reproductive tract

A

Where ovulation occurs

66
Q

What are the different parts of the oviduct in the avian reproductive tract

A

Infundibulum, magnum, isthmus

67
Q

How is sperm quality affected as they are exposed to a larger quanity of water

A

Their motility decreases

68
Q

How is sperm quality affected as they are exposed to quanities of procain HCL

A

Their motility increases

69
Q

How is the sperm quality affected as they are exposed to temperature changes

A

Their motility decreases

70
Q

What are primary head abnormalities in sperm

A

Pyriform, round, microcephalic (tiny head), macrocephalic (large head), double, and abnormal acrosome

71
Q

What are primary abnormailities w/ the midpiece of sperm

A

Kinked (bent), double, swollen, abaxial (not centered)

72
Q

What is a primary tail abnormaility w/ the tail of the sperm

A

Coiled

73
Q

What are secondary abnormailities

A

Detached normal heads, proximal protoplasmic droplet, distal protoplasmic droplet, bent tail (folded in half), and detached galea capitis

74
Q

Why is the cervix of the mare tight in diestrus

A

To prevent infection

75
Q

What is the purpose of good uterine tone in diestrus mares

A

To prepare for pregnancy

76
Q

What is the best indicator of estrus in mares

A

abundant edema is the result of high estrogen concentrations

77
Q

After giving prostaglandin F2alpha does a mare go into estrus and ovulate

A

3-5 days and 6-12 days

78
Q

What is used in semen collection to maintain pressure and temperature

A

Artificial vagina

79
Q

What is progressive motility (PM)

A

Estimate percentage of sperm moving in straight line

80
Q

What is total motility

A

Estimate percentage of sperm moving in any direction

81
Q

How do you calculate the average PMS

A

Take the volume of sperm and multiple it by the concentration the multiply that number by PM

82
Q

What does the densimeter do

A

It measures by passing light through formalin/semen mixture & estimating concentration based off of number of large cells in sample this tends to be overestimated

83
Q

What does the hemocytometer

A

Loads specialized slide w/ formalin/semen mixture & count individual sperm cells w/ microscope this method is more accurate

84
Q

How much sperm needs to be deposited in a mare to achieve good fertility

A

500 X 10^6

85
Q

What is foal heat

A

The first heat cycle after a mare foals and typically occurs 5-15 days postpartum typically lasting 5 days

86
Q

Can mares concieve during foal heat

A

yes its fertile estrus

87
Q

What is pneumovagina

A

Wind sucking is irritated of vaginal mucosa, presence of airborne or fecal contaminants, and causes changes in pH of genital secretions causing infertility

88
Q

How is pneumovagina corrected

A

W/ caslicks operation such as episioplasty or vulvoplasty

repro phys (10 decks)

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