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Repro Phys > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of anterior

A

At or towards the head of the body

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2
Q

What is the definition of blastocoele

A

Fluid filled cavity w/in a blastocyst

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3
Q

What is the defintion of capacitation of sperm

A

Physiological process w/in the female repro tract by which spermatozoa gain the capacity of fertilize an oocyte

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4
Q

What is the defintion of conceptus

A

The whole product of conception throughout gestation; includes the embryo and placental fluids and membranes

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5
Q

What is the defintion of differentiation

A

The acquistion of individual characteristics by the cells and tissues of an embryo

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6
Q

What is the defintion of diploid

A

Having two sets chromosomes. Somatic cells are ordinary diploid in chromosome constitution in contrast to the haploid gametic cell

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7
Q

What is the defintion of distal

A

Remote as opposed to close or proximal

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8
Q

What is the defintion of embryo

A

A young organism in the early stages of development from 2 cell until morphogenesis is completed

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9
Q

What is the defintion of embryology

A

The science of the development of the embryo the features and phenomena exhibited during the formation and development of an embryo

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10
Q

What is the defintion of ectoderm

A

The outermost layer of cells in an embryo

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11
Q

What is the defintion of endoderm

A

The innermost layer of cells in an embryo

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12
Q

What is the defintion of fetus

A

The young of an animal in the uterus from the time of complete tissue differentiation until birth

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13
Q

What is the defintion of gastrula

A

An early stage of embryonic development in which the embryo consists of three distinct germ layers ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

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14
Q

What is the defintion of gastrulation

A

Process by which a gastrula is formed

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15
Q

What is the defintion of haploid

A

Having a single set of chromosomes as in mature gametes

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16
Q

What is the defintion of intromission

A

Insertion of the penis into the vagina

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17
Q

What is the defintion of in vitro

A

That which takes place outside the living body

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18
Q

What is the defintion of in vivo

A

That which takes place w/in the living body

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19
Q

What is the defintion of mesoderm

A

The middle layer of cells in an embryo

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20
Q

What is the defintion of parthenogenesis

A

The embryonic development of an ovum w/o fertilization by sperm

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21
Q

What is the defintion of posterior

A

Caudal at or towards the hind end of the body

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22
Q

What is the defintion of proximal

A

Close as opposed to remote (distal)

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23
Q

What is the defintion of somatic

A

Referring to body tissues having two sets of chromosomes

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24
Q

What is the defintion of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)

A

A method of cloning in which a diploid cell donates nucleus to an oocyte from which the chromosomes have been removed the donated nucleus is reprogrammed by the cytoplasm of the oocyte and embryonic development is initiated

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25
Q

What is the defintion of superfetation

A

Simultaneous development of two sets of fetuses of different ages in the uterus

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26
Q

What is the defintion of syngamy

A

The union of the male and female pronuclei w/in the vitellus (cytoplasm) of the fertilized oocyte

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27
Q

What is the defintion of teratology

A

The science concerned w/ abnormal development and congenital malformations

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28
Q

What is the defintion of totipotency

A

The ability of a single cell to develop into a complete organism

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29
Q

What is the defintion of trophoblast

A

The outer cell layer of the blastocyt that will subsequently form the chorion

30
Q

What is the defintion of zygote

A

The cell produced by the union of sperm and ovum at fertilization

31
Q

What does oviduct binding do to uncapacitated sperm

A

The glycoprotein coat that convers the sperm is removed making it capacitated and causing hypermotility

32
Q

What is ZP-3

A

Zona protein that binds to a receptor on the sperm plasma membrane

33
Q

What is the receptor on the sperm for ZP-3 on the egg

A

ZBR

34
Q

What happens to the outer layers of the sperm after fertilization

A

Vesiculation occurs releasing enzymes lossing the acrosomal layer however the equatorial segment is still intact

35
Q

What is the vitelline membrane

A

The plasma membrane of the egg that comes after the zona

36
Q

What is the perivitelline space

A

The space between the zona and the vitelline where the sperm sits once it penetrates the zona

37
Q

What is juno

A

Protein present on the egg side which is a receptor that binds to a protein on the sperm

38
Q

What is Izumo

A

Protein receptor on the sperm that binds to the protein on the egg

39
Q

What allows the sperm to penetrate the viteline membrane

A

The bind between the juno and the izumo

40
Q

What are the steps of sperm being implanted in the egg

A

Hyperactive motility, binding to zona pellucida, acrosome reaction, penetration of zona pellucida, sperm oocyte membrane fusion, release of 2nd polar body, sperm engulfed, decondensation of sperm nucleus, and formation of male pronucleus

41
Q

What are the methods of preventing polyspermy

A

Zona reaction, vitelline block, and zona reaction + vitelline block

42
Q

What happens during immediate transport of gametes

A

Retrograde loss, phagocytosis, and entrance into the cervix/uterus

43
Q

What happens in the cervix during gamete transport

A

Privileged pathways, removal of non motile sperm, and removal of some abnormalities

44
Q

What occurs in the uterus during gamete transport

A

Capacitation initiated and phagocytosis

45
Q

What occurs in the oviduct during gamete transport

A

Capacitation completed and hyperactive motility occurs

46
Q

What occurs during fertilization of gamete transport

A

Acrosome reaction, spermatozoon penetrates oocyte, and male + female pronuclei form

47
Q

What happens when the sperm is ejaculated

A

The surface molecules in epididymal sperm become coated w/ seminal plasma proteins

48
Q

What happens when sperm enter the isthmus

A

They bind to the epithelium then after capacitation the sperm become hypomotile allowing them to leave and move onto the site of fertilization

49
Q

What happens when sperm penetration between cumulus cells

A

The cumulus cells expand to make it easier for sperm to penetrate and the sperm secretes hyaluronidase enzyme

50
Q

What are the prime differences between the menstrual cycle and the estrous cycle

A

Inhibin and E2 are secreted by the CL

51
Q

During which cycle is the follicular phase longer

A

The menstrual cycle

52
Q

When does ovulation occur during estrous cycle

A

At the beginning and the end of the cycle

53
Q

When does ovulation occur in the menstrual cycle

A

Middle of the cycle

54
Q

How much of the estrous cycle is the luteal phase

A

80% of the cycle

55
Q

How much of the menstraul cycle is the luteal phase

A

50 % of the cycle

56
Q

How long is the fertile period of the estrous cycle

A

24 hrs or less

57
Q

How long is the fertile period in the menstrual cycle

A

Up to 6 days before ovulation

58
Q

During what cycle does endometrial sloughing

A

The menstrual cycle after luteolysis

59
Q

When does luteolysis occur in the estrous cycle

A

When the uterous secretes PGF2 alpha

60
Q

When does luteolysis occur in the menstrual cycle

A

When the CL secretes PGF2alpha

61
Q

When does sexual receptivity occur during the estrous cycle

A

Well defined

62
Q

When does sexual receptivity occur during the menstrual cycle

A

Relatively uniform throughout the cycle

63
Q

What is the progesterone function and sexual receptivity in the estrous cycle inhibit

A

Inhibits GnRH release and sexual activity

64
Q

During what cycle does menopause occur

A

The menstrual cycle

64
Q

What is progesterone function and sexual receptivity in the menstrual cycle inhibit

A

Inhibits GnRH release but does not influence sexual receptivity

65
Q

What are the barriers during gamete transport

A

Filtration selection, endometrial glands, and uterotubal junction

66
Q

What are the reservoirs in gamete transport

A

Cervical crypts and the isthmus

67
Q

What does progesterone turn sulfomucins into

A

Thick mucus

68
Q

What does estrogen converts sialmocuin into

A

Think mucus

69
Q

How does the egg get transported in the ampulla

A

Fluid secreted, smooth muscle contraction, and silia

70
Q

What is the purpose of the smooth musce layer in the isthmus

A

The muscle layer keeps the isthmus closed until fertilization

Repro Phys (10 decks)

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