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Repro Phys > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of anterior

A

At or towards the head of the body

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2
Q

What is the definition of blastocoele

A

Fluid filled cavity w/in a blastocyst

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3
Q

What is the defintion of capacitation of sperm

A

Physiological process w/in the female repro tract by which spermatozoa gain the capacity of fertilize an oocyte

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4
Q

What is the defintion of conceptus

A

The whole product of conception throughout gestation; includes the embryo and placental fluids and membranes

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5
Q

What is the defintion of differentiation

A

The acquistion of individual characteristics by the cells and tissues of an embryo

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6
Q

What is the defintion of diploid

A

Having two sets chromosomes. Somatic cells are ordinary diploid in chromosome constitution in contrast to the haploid gametic cell

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7
Q

What is the defintion of distal

A

Remote as opposed to close or proximal

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8
Q

What is the defintion of embryo

A

A young organism in the early stages of development from 2 cell until morphogenesis is completed

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9
Q

What is the defintion of embryology

A

The science of the development of the embryo the features and phenomena exhibited during the formation and development of an embryo

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10
Q

What is the defintion of ectoderm

A

The outermost layer of cells in an embryo

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11
Q

What is the defintion of endoderm

A

The innermost layer of cells in an embryo

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12
Q

What is the defintion of fetus

A

The young of an animal in the uterus from the time of complete tissue differentiation until birth

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13
Q

What is the defintion of gastrula

A

An early stage of embryonic development in which the embryo consists of three distinct germ layers ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

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14
Q

What is the defintion of gastrulation

A

Process by which a gastrula is formed

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15
Q

What is the defintion of haploid

A

Having a single set of chromosomes as in mature gametes

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16
Q

What is the defintion of intromission

A

Insertion of the penis into the vagina

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17
Q

What is the defintion of in vitro

A

That which takes place outside the living body

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18
Q

What is the defintion of in vivo

A

That which takes place w/in the living body

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19
Q

What is the defintion of mesoderm

A

The middle layer of cells in an embryo

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20
Q

What is the defintion of parthenogenesis

A

The embryonic development of an ovum w/o fertilization by sperm

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21
Q

What is the defintion of posterior

A

Caudal at or towards the hind end of the body

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22
Q

What is the defintion of proximal

A

Close as opposed to remote (distal)

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23
Q

What is the defintion of somatic

A

Referring to body tissues having two sets of chromosomes

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24
Q

What is the defintion of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)

A

A method of cloning in which a diploid cell donates nucleus to an oocyte from which the chromosomes have been removed the donated nucleus is reprogrammed by the cytoplasm of the oocyte and embryonic development is initiated

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25
What is the defintion of superfetation
Simultaneous development of two sets of fetuses of different ages in the uterus
26
What is the defintion of syngamy
The union of the male and female pronuclei w/in the vitellus (cytoplasm) of the fertilized oocyte
27
What is the defintion of teratology
The science concerned w/ abnormal development and congenital malformations
28
What is the defintion of totipotency
The ability of a single cell to develop into a complete organism
29
What is the defintion of trophoblast
The outer cell layer of the blastocyt that will subsequently form the chorion
30
What is the defintion of zygote
The cell produced by the union of sperm and ovum at fertilization
31
What does oviduct binding do to uncapacitated sperm
The glycoprotein coat that convers the sperm is removed making it capacitated and causing hypermotility
32
What is ZP-3
Zona protein that binds to a receptor on the sperm plasma membrane
33
What is the receptor on the sperm for ZP-3 on the egg
ZBR
34
What happens to the outer layers of the sperm after fertilization
Vesiculation occurs releasing enzymes lossing the acrosomal layer however the equatorial segment is still intact
35
What is the vitelline membrane
The plasma membrane of the egg that comes after the zona
36
What is the perivitelline space
The space between the zona and the vitelline where the sperm sits once it penetrates the zona
37
What is juno
Protein present on the egg side which is a receptor that binds to a protein on the sperm
38
What is Izumo
Protein receptor on the sperm that binds to the protein on the egg
39
What allows the sperm to penetrate the viteline membrane
The bind between the juno and the izumo
40
What are the steps of sperm being implanted in the egg
Hyperactive motility, binding to zona pellucida, acrosome reaction, penetration of zona pellucida, sperm oocyte membrane fusion, release of 2nd polar body, sperm engulfed, decondensation of sperm nucleus, and formation of male pronucleus
41
What are the methods of preventing polyspermy
Zona reaction, vitelline block, and zona reaction + vitelline block
42
What happens during immediate transport of gametes
Retrograde loss, phagocytosis, and entrance into the cervix/uterus
43
What happens in the cervix during gamete transport
Privileged pathways, removal of non motile sperm, and removal of some abnormalities
44
What occurs in the uterus during gamete transport
Capacitation initiated and phagocytosis
45
What occurs in the oviduct during gamete transport
Capacitation completed and hyperactive motility occurs
46
What occurs during fertilization of gamete transport
Acrosome reaction, spermatozoon penetrates oocyte, and male + female pronuclei form
47
What happens when the sperm is ejaculated
The surface molecules in epididymal sperm become coated w/ seminal plasma proteins
48
What happens when sperm enter the isthmus
They bind to the epithelium then after capacitation the sperm become hypomotile allowing them to leave and move onto the site of fertilization
49
What happens when sperm penetration between cumulus cells
The cumulus cells expand to make it easier for sperm to penetrate and the sperm secretes hyaluronidase enzyme
50
What are the prime differences between the menstrual cycle and the estrous cycle
Inhibin and E2 are secreted by the CL
51
During which cycle is the follicular phase longer
The menstrual cycle
52
When does ovulation occur during estrous cycle
At the beginning and the end of the cycle
53
When does ovulation occur in the menstrual cycle
Middle of the cycle
54
How much of the estrous cycle is the luteal phase
80% of the cycle
55
How much of the menstraul cycle is the luteal phase
50 % of the cycle
56
How long is the fertile period of the estrous cycle
24 hrs or less
57
How long is the fertile period in the menstrual cycle
Up to 6 days before ovulation
58
During what cycle does endometrial sloughing
The menstrual cycle after luteolysis
59
When does luteolysis occur in the estrous cycle
When the uterous secretes PGF2 alpha
60
When does luteolysis occur in the menstrual cycle
When the CL secretes PGF2alpha
61
When does sexual receptivity occur during the estrous cycle
Well defined
62
When does sexual receptivity occur during the menstrual cycle
Relatively uniform throughout the cycle
63
What is the progesterone function and sexual receptivity in the estrous cycle inhibit
Inhibits GnRH release and sexual activity
64
During what cycle does menopause occur
The menstrual cycle
64
What is progesterone function and sexual receptivity in the menstrual cycle inhibit
Inhibits GnRH release but does not influence sexual receptivity
65
What are the barriers during gamete transport
Filtration selection, endometrial glands, and uterotubal junction
66
What are the reservoirs in gamete transport
Cervical crypts and the isthmus
67
What does progesterone turn sulfomucins into
Thick mucus
68
What does estrogen converts sialmocuin into
Think mucus
69
How does the egg get transported in the ampulla
Fluid secreted, smooth muscle contraction, and silia
70
What is the purpose of the smooth musce layer in the isthmus
The muscle layer keeps the isthmus closed until fertilization

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