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Repro Phys > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Acidophil

A

Cells w/ cytoplasmic granules that stain readily w/ acid dyes and ones of the anterior pituitary gland secrete prolactin and growth hormone

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2
Q

Agonist

A

A substance that can bind to a receptor and act like a native substance resulting in normal physiologic response

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3
Q

Anastomosis

A

A communication between two hollow parts, organs, or vessels that are normally separate

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4
Q

Antagonist

A

A substance that inhibits the normal action of a hormone or native substance

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5
Q

Androgen

A

Hormones w/ masculinizing properties

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6
Q

Autocrine communication

A

When a hormone stimulates the same cell from which it is secreted

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7
Q

Basophil

A

A group of cells containing granules which stain readily w/ basic dyes and in the anterior pituitary gland secrete FSH and LH

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8
Q

Bioassay

A

Qualitative or quantitative determination of a substance using living biological material

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9
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Failure of the mammalian testes to descent into the scrotum

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10
Q

Down regulation

A

decrease in the number of receptors on a target tissue

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11
Q

Endocrinology

A

The study of the actions and interactions of the secretions of the endocrine glands

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12
Q

Endocrine secretion

A

Secretion of a hormone from an endocrine gland which is transported in the blood to a target organ

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13
Q

Endocrine gland

A

A gland that secretes its product directly into the blood instead into ducts

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14
Q

Endogenous

A

That which originates within the body

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15
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein capable of accelerating some biochemical change in its substrate for which it is usually specific typically ending in ase

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16
Q

Estrogen

A

Hormones that promote estrus and stimulate secondary sexual characteristics in females

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17
Q

Exocrine secretion

A

Secretion of a product into a duct

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18
Q

Exogenous

A

That which is introduced into the body from outside

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19
Q

Negative feedback

A

A physiological mechanism by which the secretion of a hormone from a target organ is inhibited

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20
Q

Positive feedback

A

A physiological mechanism by which the secretion of a hormone from a target organ is stimulated

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21
Q

Glycoprotein

A

Protein conjugated w/ a carbohydrate group

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22
Q

Gonad

A

A primary sex gland (ovary or testis)

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23
Q

Half life

A

The time required for one half of a substance to be cleared from the body

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24
Q

Hormone

Study These Flashcards
A

A chemical signal that is secreted directly into the blood by an endocrine gland and that elicts a physiological response from a target tissue

25
Hormone receptor down regulation
A reduction in the number of receptors for specific hormone
26
Hypophysectomy
Removal of the hypophysis by surgery
27
Hypothalamic nucleus
A collection of nerve cell bodies in a specific location w/in the hypothalamus that control a physiological response
28
Intracrine communication
When a hormone stimulates a cell w/o being secreted
29
Kinase
An enzyme that phosphorylates a protein
30
Ligand
Any substance that binds specifically and reversibly to another chemical entity
31
Lipoprotein
A protein conjugated w/ a lipid
32
Luteotropin
A hormone or signal that promotes the maintenance and function of a corpus
33
Luteolysin
A hormone or signal that causes the CL to regress
34
Morphogenesis
The development of form; the development undergone by an organism to approximate to the type of its species
35
Morphology
The science of the form and structure of organisms
36
Neurohormone
A hormone that is secreted directly from a neuron into the blood
37
Paracrine communication
When a hormone stimulates an adjacent cell w/o entering the blood
38
Phosphorylation
Addition of a phosphate group to a protein important for activating or inhibiting the biological activity of a protein
39
Progestogen
A hormone that has biological activity similar to progesterone
40
Signal transduction
A molecular biology term in which a signal outside a cell causes a response inside a cell
41
Steroid
A group name for compounds that chemically resembe cholesterol
42
Steroidogenesis
The synthesis of a steroid by a cell
43
Synergism
The joint action of two or more hormones or structures so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual affects
44
Target organ
An organ that is able to respond to a hormone
45
What is the gene that triggers the development of testes by binding to regulatory elements to DNA to alter gene expression
SRY
46
What does the Y chromosome in Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) trigger
The development of male attributes such as testicular hypoplasia (sterile)
47
How are people w/ Turner's syndrome sterile (XO)
Ovaries are inactive
48
What two genes trigger the formation of the genital ridge
WT1 (Wilms Tumor Gene) and SF1 (Steroidogenic Factor 1)
49
What is the genital ridge
It begins the ventral surface of the mesonephros as paired thickenings of the coelomic epithelial layer
50
In the embryo where are the primordial germ cells located
The yolk that then travel to the midgut to be inserted into circulation
51
What is the genitial tubercle
The penis or clitoris
52
What is the genitial fold
The prepuce or inner vulva
53
What is the genitial swelling
Scrotum or outer vulva
54
What does PGC mean
Primordid germ cells
55
What do PGCs form into in the testes
spermatogonia
56
What do PGCs form into in the ovaries
oogonium/oocytes and granulosa cell formation
57
What is the tubular reproductive tract of females
Oviduct, uterus, cervix, and anterior vagina
58
What is the tubular reproductive tract of males
Epididymis, vas deferens, and vesicular glands
59
What two hormones trigger the formation of the male tubular tract and stops the formation of the female tubular tract
Testosterone and Anti mullerian hormone

Repro Phys (10 decks)

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