Lab Practical

Question 1

erythrocytes

Answer 1

• red blood cells (everywhere on slide)

- contain hemoglobin

Question 2

platelets

Answer 2

• tiny purple/ red dots

- clot to stop bleeding

Question 3

neutrophils (PMNs)

Answer 3

• darker segs/ balloon animals shapes inside
• most abundant/ 1st line of defense
• increase = fighting infection, puss present

Question 4

lymphocytes

Answer 4

• darker large round nucleus/ eyeball like

- increase = fighting infection and disease

Question 5

eosinophils

Answer 5

• darker wishbone middle with two parts barely attached

- increase = allergic reaction or immflamuation (asthma, hay fever)

Question 6

monocytes

Answer 6

• darker deformed heart shaped middle

- increase = inflammatory disease (IBD), parasite, vial infection

Question 7

basophils

Answer 7

• darker ballon animal middle but with more dots around it

- increase = allergic/ inflammatory reaction

Question 8

simple squamous epithelium cells

Answer 8

• single layer of flat cells/ fried egg

- location: line blood vessels (capillaries, veins) + cornea of eye

Question 9

simple cuboidal epithelium cells

Answer 9

• more cube shaped with round nucleus

- location: esophagus + bile ducts

Question 10

simple columnar epithelium cells

Answer 10

• long organized, single nucleated stripes

- location: line villa in digestive system (stomach, small intestine, large intestine)

Question 11

pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium cells

Answer 11

• long overlapping, cilia hairs on the top

- location: respiratory tract (trachea, larynx)

Question 12

stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 12

• multiple layers of squamous cells

- location: epidermis of skin (keratinocyte layers)

Question 13

what are the layers of keratinocytes (stratified squamous epithelium cells) in the skin? (outer to inner)

Answer 13

• stratum corneum
• stratum lucidum (thicker skin only)
• stratum granulosum
• stratum spinosum
• stratum basale/ germinativum
• “can long giraffes still bend?”

Question 14

transitional epithelium cells

Answer 14

• change from small cells to longer cells towards the outside (stretch)
• location: bladder + urethra

Question 15

areolar connective tissue

Answer 15

• lines spaced out with random nucleus

- location = connecting skin to muscle (blood vessels + nerves)

Question 16

reticular connective tissue

Answer 16

• way too many cells with little white space (structural / shape support)
• location = kidney + spleen

Question 17

adipose tissue

Answer 17

• large white blobs (fatty)

- location = sub-q fat under the skin + internal organs + yellow bone marrow

Question 18

cardiac muscle

Answer 18

• branched
• striated
• one nucleus per branch

Question 19

skeletal muscle

Answer 19

• tubular/ straight
• striated
• multi-nucleated

Question 20

osteoclasts

Answer 20

• large round randomly on the inside w/ ruffled membrane

- eat at bone to release calcium

Question 21

osteoblasts

Answer 21

• line the outside in thin layer

- start of bone formation

Question 22

osteocytes

Answer 22

• dispersed through bone tissue/ lacuna (outer)

- crystalize

Question 23

5 components of the axial skeleton

Answer 23

• cervical
• thoracic
• lumbar
• sacral
• coccygeal

Question 24

forelimb / thoracic limb (proximal to distal)

Answer 24

• scapula
• humorous
• radius
• ulna
• carpal bones (carpus)
• metacarpal bones
• phalanges

Question 25

hind limb / pelvic limb (proximal to distal)

Answer 25

- pelvis - ilium - ischium - pubis - femur - tibia - fibula - tarsal bones (tarsus) - metatarsal bones - phalanges

Question 26

canine vertebral formula

Answer 26

``` C 8 T 13 L 7 S 3 Cd 20 ```

Question 27

epiphysis section of long bone

Answer 27

"ball shape" on either side of the long bone

Question 28

diaphysis section of long bone

Answer 28

middle section of the long bone

Question 29

pelvic bones

Answer 29

- wing of ilium - ilium - pubis - acetabulum - obturator foramen - ischium - public symphysis

Question 30

external bones of the face

Answer 30

- incisive - nasal - maxillary - mandible - lacrimal (ball) - zygomatic

Question 31

external bones of the cranium

Answer 31

- occipital bone - interparietal - parietal - temporal - frontal

Question 32

internal brain spinal cord to top back)

Answer 32

- spinal cord - medulla - pons - hypothalamus - thalamus - optic nerve (CN 2) - cerebrum - pineal gland - superior colliculi - cerebellum

Question 33

interior anatomy of the heart

Answer 33

- right pulmonary artery - superior vena cava (from head) - right pulmonary vein - right atrium - right AV valve - inferior vena cava (from body) - right ventricle - interventicular septum - aorta - left pulmonary artery - left pulmonary vein - left atrium - left AV valve - left ventricle

Question 34

urinary tract

Answer 34

- kidneys (R + L) - ureters (R + L) - hilus (passage) - cortex (outer) - medulla (inner) - renal pyramids - calyces (branches) - renal pelvis (stem) - renal artery (red yarn) - renal vein (blue yarn) - bladder - trigone - urethra