Lab Test 4

Question 1

What make up the deuterostomes?

Answer 1

Echinodermata and Chordata

Question 2

Echinoderms occur exclusively in

Answer 2

marine habitats

Question 3

What is the endoskeleton of echinoderms comprised of?

Answer 3

small calcareous plates called ossicles

Question 4

Do sea cucumbers have few or many ossicles?

Answer 4

few

Question 5

What does echinodermata mean?

Answer 5

spiny skin

Question 6

What are echinoderms characterized by?

Answer 6

water vascular system

Question 7

Water vascular system

Answer 7

composed of internal canals and forms tube feet

Question 8

What are used for locomotion in echinoderms?

Answer 8

tube feet

Question 9

Brittle stars class

Answer 9

Ophiuroidea

Question 10

Sea cucumber class

Answer 10

Holothuroidea

Question 11

Sea urchin class

Answer 11

Echinoidea

Question 12

Heart urchin class

Answer 12

Echinoidea

Question 13

Sand dollar class

Answer 13

Echinoidea

Question 14

Starfish class

Answer 14

Asteroidea

Question 15

Sea stars class

Answer 15

Asteroidea

Question 16

What is the mode of action of the water vascular system in echinodermata?

Answer 16

1.) Water enters through the madreporite

Madreporite => Stone canal => Radial Canal (one on each ray) => Ampullae => Tube Feet => Locomotion

Question 17

How do the ampullae and tube feet act to affect locomotion in echinodermata?

Answer 17

The ampullae contracts, sending water into the tube feet which stretch as water is brought into them. Thus, allowing for a slow form of locomotion.

Question 18

How do the tube feet aid in food acquisition in echinodermata?

Answer 18

They use their tube feet to grab onto prey, such as the shells of bivalves, then pry them open. They then digest their food externally by expelling their stomachs out of their mouth.

Question 19

How do the tube feet aid in food acquisition in adhering to solid objects?

Answer 19

same as suckers

Question 20

chordates united by presence of

Answer 20

pharyngeal gill slits, notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, post anal tail

Question 21

tunicates and sea squirts phylum and subphylum

Answer 21

chordata

urochordata

Question 22

fish like Amphioxis (Branchiostoma) phylum and subphylum

Answer 22

chordata

Cephalochordata

Question 23

animals with a bony skeleton phylum and subphylum

Answer 23

chordata

vertebrata

Question 24

fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals phylum and subphylum

Answer 24

chordata

vertebrata

Question 25

what are the most diverse group of all the deuterostomes?

Answer 25

vertebrates

Question 26

lacked jaws and paired appendages

Answer 26

class agnatha

Question 27

had jaws and two pairs of appendages and evolved soon

Answer 27

class chondrichthyes and osteichthyes

Question 28

important themes in vertebrate evolution

Answer 28

- modification of gill arches to form jaws and other structures - modification of appendages from swimming fins to walking appendages, wings, hands

Question 29

sea lampreys subphylum and class

Answer 29

vertebrata | agnatha

Question 30

sharks, rays, skates subphylum and class

Answer 30

vertebrata | chondrichthyes

Question 31

bony fish subphylum and class

Answer 31

vertebrata | osteichthyes

Question 32

amphibians subphylum and class

Answer 32

vertebrata | amphibia

Question 33

birds subphylum and class

Answer 33

vertebrata | aves

Question 34

jawless fish including hagfish and lamprey class

Answer 34

superclass- cyclostomata

Question 35

how do jawless fish feed?

Answer 35

suction action of muscular pharynx

Question 36

jawless fish exhibit what

Answer 36

notochord that provides rigid support for dorsal nerve cord

Question 37

chondrichthyes skeleton composed of

Answer 37

cartilage

Question 38

chrondrichthyes characteristics

Answer 38

jaws and paired appendages

Question 39

osteichtyes characteristics

Answer 39

- more species than all vertebrates - jaws - gills

Question 40

what protects the gills in bony fish?

Answer 40

operculum

Question 41

bony fish unique organ

Answer 41

sensory organ= lateral line

Question 42

what is the purpose of the lateral line?

Answer 42

enhances balance and orientation in the water column

Question 43

How do bony fish maintain buoyancy?

Answer 43

gas filled, membranous sac - swim bladder

Question 44

first group of vertebrates to invade terrestrial landscape

Answer 44

amphibia

Question 45

characteristics of amphibians

Answer 45

- two legs homologous to fins - lungs - gas exchange through skin - fertilization in water

Question 46

-vertebrate diversification on land led to

Answer 46

amniote egg

Question 47

amniotes include

Answer 47

lizards, snakes, turtles, dinosaurs, birds, mammals

Question 48

the class reptilia is

Answer 48

paraphyletic

Question 49

lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles subphylum and class

Answer 49

vertebrata | reptilia

Question 50

reptilia exhibit

Answer 50

- amniote egg - internal fertilization - horny scales - lungs

Question 51

horny scales- reptilia

Answer 51

enhance water conservation

Question 52

birds morphology

Answer 52

- wings - feathers - sternum and pectoral muscles for flight - 4 chambered heart - 1 lung and ovary - no teeth

Question 53

wings

Answer 53

forelimbs modified

Question 54

feathers

Answer 54

enhance surface area for flight

Question 55

mammals characteristics

Answer 55

- fur - mammary glands - live birth - tooth structure lineage - high metabolic rate - 4 chambered heart - constant temp

Question 56

mammal homologous structures to gill arches

Answer 56

jaws (hyoid bone), palate, three middle ear bones, larynx, tracheal rings