Laboratory & Diagnostic Tests Flashcards
1
Q
what are the lab test for CVD?
A
- creatine kinase (CK)
- troponin
- high sensitivity C-reactive protein
- Apo A1
- Apo B
- B - natriuretic peptide (BNP)
2
Q
What is Apo A1?
A
the primary lipoprotein in HDL
3
Q
What is Apo B?
A
the primary lipoprotein in LDL
4
Q
what disease/condition is CK test indicative of?
A
acute MI/angina pectoris
5
Q
will CK test be elevated or depressed?
A
elevated: CK-MB most specific creatine kinase test for MI
6
Q
what disease/condition is troponin test indicative of?
A
MI/CAD
7
Q
will the troponin test be elevated or depressed?
A
elevated: MI/angina/heart failure
8
Q
what is the troponin test most often used to confirm?
A
a heart attack
9
Q
what disease/condition is high sensitivity C-reactive protein test indicative of?
A
coronary artery disease
10
Q
will the high-sensitivity c-reactive protein test elevated or depressed?
A
elevated: indicative of inflammation in body and associated with a variety of conditions/diseases
11
Q
what is the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein test a predictor of?
A
CAD/MI
12
Q
what disease/condition is Apo A1/B test indicative of?
A
CVD risk
13
Q
will ApoB/A1 be elevated or depressed?
A
Apo B: Apo A1 ratio considered to be a strong indicator of risk - the lower the better
14
Q
what disease/condition is BNP test indicative of?
A
heart failure
15
Q
will the BNP test be elevated or depressed?
A
elevated: indicates the degree of heart failure
16
Q
what are the lab test for pulmonary disease?
A
- arterial blood gases - carbon dioxide saturation
- arterial blood gases - oxygen saturation
17
Q
what disease/condition is carbon dioxide saturation test indicative of?
A
COPD/emphysema
18
Q
will the carbon dioxide saturation test be elevated or depressed?
A
elevated
19
Q
what disease/condition is oxygen saturation test indicative of?
A
COPD/emphysema
20
Q
will the oxygen saturation test be elevated or depressed?
A
depressed
21
Q
what are the lab test for gastrointestinal conditions/diseases?
A
- occult blood (melena)
- hydrogen breath test
- CDAI
- ASCA antibodies
- tTG-IgA/EMA
22
Q
what disease/condition is occult blood (melena) test indicative of?
A
GI tract bleeding
23
Q
will the occult blood (melena) test be elevated or depressed?
A
present
24
Q
what disease/condition is hydrogen breath test test indicative of?
A
lactose and fructose intolerance
25
wil hydrogen breath test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: useful in confirming diagnosis
26
what disease/condition is CDAI test indicative of?
Crohn's disease activity index
27
will the CDAI test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: indicative of exacerbation/severity of Crohn's disease
28
what disease/condition is ASCA antibodies test indicative of?
inflammatory bowel disease
29
will ASCA antibodies test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: DX of ulcerative colitis of Crohn's disease (distinguishes which types of IBD the patient has)
30
what disease/condition is tTG-IgA/EMA test indicative of?
celiac disease
31
will the tTG-IgA/EMA test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: blood tests that can be used to suggest (tTG-IgA) or rule out Celiac Disease (EMA)
32
what are the lab test for liver disease?
- prothrombin time
- blood ammonia
- total bilirubin
- AST
- ALT
- alkaline phosphatase
- urine bilirubin
- serum albumin
33
what disease/condition is prothrombin time test indicative of?
- liver disease/poor fat
- absorption/Vit K deficiency
34
will the prothrombin time test be elevated or depressed?
elevated due to decrease prothrombin synthesis from vitamin K
35
what disease/condition is blood ammonia test indicative of?
liver disease
36
will the blood ammonia test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: ability of liver to convert ammonia to urea is decreased
37
what disease/condition is total bilirubin test indicative of?
liver disease
38
will the total bilirubin test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: liver must conjugate bilirubin for it to be excreted into the bile - results in jaundice and dark urine
39
what disease/condition is AST/ALT test indicative of?
liver - diagnosis and progression of liver disease
40
will the AST and ALT test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: concentrate in heart, liver, and skeletal tissue and released from damaged cells
41
what ration of AST to ALT suggest alcohol etiology of liver disease?
AST to ALT ratio > 2
42
what disease/condition is alkaline phosphatase test indicative of?
liver/bone disease/liver metastasis
43
will the alkaline phosphatase test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: manufactured in bone, liver, kidney, and intestines
44
what disease/condition is urine bilirubin test indicative of?
liver disease
45
will bilirubin test be elevated or depressed?
neither - patient will experience smokey/tea colored urine
46
what disease/condition is serum albumin test indicative of?
liver disease
47
will the serum albumin test be elevated or depressed?
depressed - liver unable to produce serum proteins to include albumin
48
what are the lab test for pancreatitis?
- serum amylase
- serum lipase
49
what disease/condition is serum amylase/lipase test indicative of?
pancreatitis
50
will serum amylase/lipase test results be elevated or depressed?
elevated: obstruction and inflammatory disease of pancreas interferes with normal flow of amylase and lipase into intestinal tract
51
what are the lab test for diabetes mellitus?
- AIC
- ketone bodies (in urine)
- fructosamine
- C - peptide
- fructosamine
- C-peptide
- estimated average glucose (eAG)
- auto-antibodies for T1DM
52
what disease/condition is AIC test indicative of?
diabetes mellitus
53
will the AIC test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: when blood sugars poorly controlled
- indicative of BG levels for previous 2-3 months
54
what disease/condition is ketone bodies (in urine) test indicative of?
uncontrolled diabetes mellitus illness
55
will ketone body test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: body's inability to handle accelerated production of ketones
56
what disease/condition is fructosamine test indicative of?
diabetse mellitus
57
will the fructosamine test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: when blood sugars poorly controlled
- indicative of blood glucose levels for past 2-3 weeks
58
what disease/condition is C-peptide test indicative of?
diabetes mellitus
59
will C-peptide test be elevated or depressed?
depressed: means insulin levels are lower than normal
elevated: insulin levels are higher than normal (insulin resistance)
**differentiates between T1DM and T2DM
60
why is the C-peptide test useful?
determines the amount of insulin produce by the pancreas
61
what disease/condition is estimated average glucose (eAG) test indicative of?
diabetes mellitus
62
will the eAG test be elevated or depressed?
correlated with A1C and expressed in mg/dL
63
what disease/condition is anti-antibodies for T1DM test indicative of?
diabetes mellitus
64
will the auto-antibodies be elevated or depressed?
- present in T1DM
- assist in differentiating between T1DM and T2DM
65
what are the lab test for renal disease?
- potassium
- phosphorus (phosphates)
- creatinine
- specific gravity of urine
- calcium
- PTH
- urea reduction ration (URR) and Kt/V
- transferrin saturation (TSAT) or serum ferritin
- glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- albuminuria
- urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)
- bicarbonate
66
what disease/condition is potassium test indicative of?
chronic kidney disease
67
will the potassium test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: inability of kidneys to transfer from blood into the urine
68
what disease/condition is phosphorus (phosphate) test indicative of?
CKD
69
will the phosphorus test be elevated or depressed?
elevated - inability of kidneys to transfer from blood into the urine
70
what disease/condition is creatine test indicative of?
CKD
71
will the creatine test be elevated or depressed?
elevated - inability of kidneys to transfer from blood into the urine
- used to diagnose CKD
72
what disease/condition is specific gravity of urine test indicative of?
CKD
73
will the specific gravity of urine be elevated or depressed?
depressed - inability of kidneys to concentrate the urine
- inability to transfer waste to the urine
74
what disease/condition is calcium test indicative of?
CKD
75
will the calcium test be elevated or depressed?
depressed: kidney's role in activation of vitamin D and therefore, calcium absorption
76
what disease/condition is PTH test indicative of?
CKD
77
will the PTH test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: indicative of increased risk of renal osteodystrophy
78
what disease/condition is URR test indicative of?
dialysis
79
what will the URR test demonstrate?
indicative of effective of dialysis in removing wastes
80
what disease/condition is transferrin saturation (TSAT) or serum ferritin test indicative of?
CKD
81
will the TSAT/Serum ferritin test be elevated or depressed?
depressed: adequate iron stores necessary for EPO medications to be effective
82
what disease/condition is GFR test indicative of?
CKD
83
will the GFR test be elevated or depressed?
depressed: indicative of one of five stages of CKD
84
what disease/condition is albuminuria test indicative of?
CKD
85
will the albuminuria test be elevated or depressed?
microalbuminuria (above 30g in urine) early sign of declining renal function
86
what disease/condition is UACR test indicative of?
CKD
87
will the UACR test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: above 30 mg/g indicative of kidney disease
88
what disease/condition is bicarbonate test indicative of?
CKD
89
will the bicarbonate test be depressed or elevated?
depressed: indicative of metabolic acidosis which accelerates progression of kidney disease
90
what are the miscellaneous lab tests?
- blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- serum albumin
- calcium
- potassium
- specific gravity of urine
- human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
91
what disease/condition is BUN test indicative of?
- GI bleeding/renal failure/dehydration
- over-hydration/liver disease
92
will the BUN test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: indicates GI bleeding/renal failure/dehydration
depressed: indicates over-hydration/liver disease
93
what disease/condition is serum albumin test indicative of?
- liver disease
- over-hydration
- dehydration
94
when the serum albumin test is depressed what does it indicate?
liver disease over-hydration
95
when the serum albumin test is elevated what does it indicate?
dehydration
96
what disease/condition is calcium test indicative of?
cancer
97
will the cancer test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: in some cancers and indicative of a poor prognosis
98
what disease/condition is potassium test indicative of?
vomiting/diarrhea
99
will the potassium test be elevated or depressed?
depressed
100
what disease/condition is specific gravity of urine test indicative of?
hydration status
101
will the specific gravity of urine test be elevated or depressed?
elevated: dehydration
depressed: over-hydration
102
what disease/condition is HLA test indicative of?
organ transplant
103
