Renal Flashcards
(15 cards)
what are the MNT goals?
- provide adequate protein and energy
- provide vitamins
- control edema (fluids and sodium)
- control serum potassium levels
- prevent or slow development of renal osteodystrophy
why is important to take vitamins?
because there inadequate due to dietary restrictions and washed out by dialysis
how can a patient prevent/slow the development of renal osteodystrophy?
supplementing calcium and vitamin D/phosphorus restriction
what should be supplemented as an individual initial stages of renal disease?
moderate intake of protein
what is recommended to be supplemented when an individual approaches stage 4 and 5 of CKD?
decrease intake of protein
when beginning dialysis (both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) what needs to be supplemented?
high intake of protein
what should be restricted?
- sodium
- potassium
- phosphorus
- fluid intake
how can patients reduce sodium?
by avoiding salt substitutes with potassium
how can patients restrict potassium?
taking potassium binders if required to keep blood potassium in the safe range
how can patients restrict phosphorus?
taking inorganic phosphorus is more efficiently absorbed than organic phosphorus
when are phosphate binders taken?
with meals
what vitamins are often supplemented?
water soluble - fat soluble vitamins are not generally supplemented
what is the general recommendation for the restriction of fluid intake?
generally around 1000 ml/day - goal is <5% weight gain between hemodialysis treatment (adjust sodium and/or fluid as needed)
how can you ensure that a patient is provided adequate calories?
monitor for weight gain with peritoneal dialysis (PD) - absorb calories from the dialysate
what supplements can be provided as needed?
vitamin D, calcium, iron, folic acid (most common)
