Labs Flashcards by Myesha Rolle

Hyponatremia

Normal: 136 - 145 mEq/L

Causes: loop diuretics, heart failure, renal failure, CHF, cirrhosis, edema

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Hypernatremia

Normal: 136-145 mEq/L

Causes: renal dysfunction, fever, burns, thirst, excessive diarrhea/vomiting/sweating

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Hypokalemia

Normal: 3.5-5 mEq/L

Causes: insulin, loop and thiazide diuretics, refeeding syndrome

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Hyperkalemia

Normal: 3.5-5 mEq/L

Causes: meds like cyclosporine, metabolic acidosis, renal disease, adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)

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Hypophosphatemia

Normal: 3-4.5 mg/dl

Causes:
- increased phos binders
- Tums (has Ca)
- refeeding syndrome
- low intake
- HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

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Hyperphosphatemia

Normal: 3-4.5 mg/dl

Causes: high phos diet, not enough phos binders

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Hypocalcemia

Normal: 4.5-5.5 mEq/L; 9-11 mg/dl

Causes: vitamin D deficiency, glucocorticoids, loop diuretics, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia, renal failure

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Hypercalcemia

Normal: 4.5-5.5 mEq/L; 9-11 mg/dl

Causes: hyperparathyroidism, malignancies, calcium supplements, excessive vitamin D intake

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Low BUN

Normal: 10-20 mg/dl

Causes: fluid overload, liver disease, malnutrition

meat intake could throw off BUN test

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High BUN

Normal: 10-20 mg/dl

Causes:
dehydration
- fever
- burns
- CHF

renal dysfunction
- high protein diet
- kidney stones
- DKA

meat intake could throw off BUN test

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Low creatinine

Normal: 0.6-1.4 mg/dl

Causes:
- muscle mass loss (elderly)
- muscle atrophy
- SCI
- liver disease
- fluid overload
- low protein diet

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High creatinine

Normal: 0.6-1.4 mg/dl

Causes: Renal dysfunction, catabolism, athletes, hyperthyroidism, certain cancer and antibiotic meds

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Elevated BUN:Cr ratio

Normal: 10:1-15:1

Causes: renal disease, CHF, dehydration

d/t decreased blood flow to kidneys

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Hypoalbuminemia

Normal: 3.5-5 g/dl

Causes: surgery, trauma, infection, inflammation, Crohn’s, poor PO d/t illness, edema, fluid overload

3 week half life, doesn’t reflect current protein intake

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Hyperalbuminemia

Normal: 3.5-5 g/dl

Causes: dehydration, severe diarrhea

3 week half life, doesn’t reflect current protein intake

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Low pre-albumin (transthyretin)

Normal: 16-40 mg/dl

Causes:
- surgery, trauma, chronic illness
- low intake

High pre-albumin (transthyretin)

Normal: 16-40 mg/dl

Causes: pregnancy, kidney disease, alcoholism

Low Ferritin

Normal: F 10-150 ng/dl; M 12-300 ng/dl

Causes: iron deficiency

High Ferritin

Normal:
- F 10-150 ng/dl
- M 12-300 ng/dl

Causes: liver disease, trauma, inflammation

Low Transferrin (TIBC)

Normal: >200 mg/dl

Causes: liver disease, protein loss, trauma, inflammation

High Transferrin (TIBC)

Normal: >200 mg/dl

Causes: iron deficiency

Hematocrit

Normal: F 37-47%; M 42-52%; Pregnant 33%; Newborn 44-64%

Low Hemoglobin

Normal: pregnant >11 g/dl; F 12-15 g/dl; M 14-17 g/dl

Causes: anemia, heavy menstrual cycle, nutrient deficiency, kidney disease

High Hemoglobin

Normal: pregnant >11; F 12-15 mg/dl; M 14-17 mg/dl

Causes: smoking, living in high altitudes

What is the normal level of RBP (retinol binding protein)? What does it circulate with?

3-6 mg/dl Pre-albumin

What is the normal level of Creatinine Height Index (CHI)? What does it estimate?

80% Lean body mass/somatic protein

What is the normal level of urinary creatinine clearance? What does it measure?

115 +/- 20 ml/min GFR, renal function

What is the normal total lymphocyte count? What does it measure and when is it decreased?

>2700 cells/cu mm Measures immunocompetency Decreased in protein/kcal malnutrition

What is normal prothrombin time (PT)? How do anticoagulants affect it?

11-12.5 seconds; 85-100% of normal Anticoagulants prolong PT

What are the normal/at risk/bad ranges for total cholesterol?

Normal: <200 Mg/dl At risk: 200-239 mg/dl Bad: >240 mg/dl

What are the normal/at risk/high ranges for triglycerides?

Normal: <149 mg/dl At risk: 150-199 mg/dl High: >200 mg/dl

What are the normal/at risk/high ranges for LDL?

Normal: <100 mg/dl At risk: 130-159 mg/dl High: >160 mg/dl

What are the normal/at risk ranges for HDL?

Normal: >60 mg/dl At risk: <39 mg/dl

Normal/elevated/stage 1/ stage 2 ranges for BP?

Normal: <120/80 mmHg Elevated: systolic 120-129 AND diastolic <80 Stage 1: systolic 130-139 OR diastolic 80-89 Stage 2: systolic at least 140 OR diastolic at least 90 mmHg

Normal/impaired/diabetes BG levels?

Normal: FPG 70-100, 2hPG <140 Impaired: FPG 100-125, 2hPG 140-199 Diabetes: FPG 126+, GTT 200+