Meds And Botanicals Flashcards by Myesha Rolle

Onset & Duration Time for Insulins

Short: onset = 30-45 mins before eating; duration = 3-6 hrs
Rapid: onset = 5-15 mins before eating; duration = 4 hours
Long: onset = 2-4 hrs; duration = 18-24 hrs
Intermediate: onset = 2-4 hrs; duration = 10-16 hrs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do sulfonylureas lower BG?

Increase insulin secretion from the pancreas

May lead to hypoglycemia and wt gain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does metformin (Biguanides) lower BG?

Suppresses hepatic glucose production

preferred first line of treatment; take with food to prevent GI distress; check B12 levels; weight neutral so LOW RISK OF HYPOGLYCEMIA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do SGLT2 inhibitors work to reduce BG?

Blocks a protein that returns glucose to the blood after it’s filtered through the kidney —> more glucose excreted in urine, less reabsorbed

good for pts with T2DM and CKD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do DPP-4 inhibitors lower BG?

Allows endogenous GLP-1 to stay active longer so glucose released by liver overnight is reduced

often used with metformin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does GLP-1 (ozempic) work?

Stimulates insulin secretion and suppresses glucagon secretion after eating

slows gastric emptying, promotes fullness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does TZD work?

Increases insulin sensitivity in muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Side effects of corticosteroids?

Hyperglycemia, thin skin, HTN, bone fractures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What nutrients are decreased with oral contraceptives?

B6, b9, vitamin C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Side effects of mineral oil, cholestyramine?

Decreased absorption of fat and vitamins ADEK

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Side effects of phos binders (Velphoro, Auryxia, Fosrenol, Sevelamer, Renvela)?

Auryxia: darker stool d/t iron

May develop upset stomach

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Levodopa (L-Dopa): what is it used for? What does it interact with? How do you take it?

Parkinson’s disease

Interacts with: iron and protein rich foods; b6 and protein decrease it’s effectiveness

Take it: TID, in the am with limited protein at first. Over time/chronic, on an empty stomach

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Colchicine: what is it used for? Side effects? What is it supplemented with?

Used for gout

Side effects: lower joint pain and swelling

Supplement with: B12

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Isoniazid: what is it used for? Side effects? Interactions?

Used for TB

Side effects: peripheral neuropathy, depletes b6

Interactions:
Avoid red wine, aged cheese, dried meats and tuna
Interferes with vit D, Ca, Phos

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Omeprazole: what is it? What’s it used for? How does it work? Side effects? What’s it supplemented with?

PPI (proton pump inhibitor)

Used for: ulcers, GERD. Suppresses secretion of stomach acid.

Side effects:
depletes Ca absorption —> osteoporosis
Causes H. Pylori infection
B12 and IF deficiency

Supplement with B12

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Digoxin: what’s it used for? Side effects? Interactions?

Used for: arrhythmia treatment, increases rate of heart contractions by acting on Na/K ATPase pump

Side effects: hyperkalemia

Interactions: senna, St. John’s wort, licorice, salt substitutes, fiber

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

NRTI aka Retrovir: side effects?

Macrocytic anemia, B12, Cu, Zn deficiency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SSRIs aka Sertraline aka Zoloft: what’s it used for? Side effects? Interactions?

Antidepressant

Side effects: weight gain and sleep pattern disturbance with chronic use

Interactions: grapefruit juice

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MAOIs: what’s it used for? Interactions?

Antidepressant

Eliminate TYRAMINE, dopamine and tryptophan

Avoid aged, fermented, dried, pickled, smoked, spoiled foods; hard aged cheese (cheddar, Swiss), sauerkraut, some sausages/luncheon meats, tofu, miso, Chianti wine, tomatoes, sour cream, yogurt, buttermilk

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elavil: what’s it used for? Side effects?

Antidepressant, sedative effect

Side effects: weight gain, increases appetite

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lithium carbonate: what’s it used for? Side effects? Interactions?

Used for bipolar and depression

Side effects: weight gain, increased appetite

Interactions: keep consistent sodium and caffeine intake to stabilize levels. Don’t eat too little sodium either.

Antibiotics: side effects? Interactions?

Side effects:
- protein deficits
- possible depletion of B12, Ca, Mg & vitamin K with prolonged use

Interactions: Calcium (taken with quinolones like ciprofloxacin may reduce the drug’s effectiveness)

Spironolactone: what’s it used for? Side effects?

Aldosterone agonist; Diuretic used for HF, HTN, hypokalemia and edema

Side effects: spares K, depletes Na and Cl

Thiazide diuretics: what’s it used for? Side effects?

Used for HTN, edema, ESRD, CHF

Side effects: decreases Mg, K and reabsorbs Ca

Loop diuretics: what’s it used for? Side effects?

Used for HF, ESRD, ESLD, HTN, and edema Side effects: hypokalemia, thiamin, Mg, Ca and Na deficiency

Glucocorticoids: what’s it used for? Side effects? What’s it supplemented with?

Used to work against inflammation, immunosuppressant, asthma, bronchitis, rash and swelling Side effects: protein deficits, HTN, weight gain and hyperglycemia. Leads to osteoporosis, Na and water retention with chronic use Supplement with: Ca, vit D, B6

Marinol: what’s it used for? Side effects?

Appetite stimulant Side effects: weight gain

Adderall: what’s it used for? Side effects? Interactions?

ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite suppressant Side effects: anorexia, weight loss, nausea Interactions: avoid acidic food/juice/vitamin C

Ritalin: what’s it used for? Side effects?

ADHD Side effects: anorexia, weight loss, nausea

Cyclosporine: what’s it used for? Side effects? Interactions?

Immunosuppressant, RA, psoriasis Side effects: HTN, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, HLD Interactions: grapefruit juice, papaya juice, pineapple juice

Phenobarbital (Dilantin/phenytoin): what’s it used for? Side effects?

Anti-convulsive, sedative Side effects: folic acid, vitamin K, b6, b12, vit D loss

Warfarin/Coumadin: what’s it used for? Interactions?

Anticoagulant Interactions: ginger, ginseng, ginkgo biloba, garlic, grapefruit juice, glucosamine, vitamin A and E (fish oil), primrose, St. John’s wort, green tea, coQ 10

Methotrexate: what’s it used for? Side effects? Interactions?

Chemotherapy and RA Side effects: folate deficiency, mouth sores, weight loss, N/V Interactions: avoid high folate foods like beetroot juice; PPI meds like omeprazole

Orlistat: what’s it used for? Side effects? Interactions?

Used for weight loss, lipase inhibitor Side effects: KEDA deficiency Interactions: cyclosporine and warfarin

Statins: what’s it used for? Side effects? Interactions?

Lowers LDL and TG, increases HDL Side effects: coq10 deficiency Interactions: avoid grapefruit juice, avoid niacin

Black cohosh: use and potential interaction?

eases menopause symptoms Interaction: - may act as a blood thinner - affects statins

Comfrey: use and potential interaction?

soothes nerves Interaction: irreversible liver disease

Echinacea: use and potential interaction?

prevents, moderates cold symptoms Interaction: avoid taking >2 months

Ephedra: use and potential interactions?

promotes weight loss Interactions: rapid heart rate, headaches, very likely hazardous

Garlic: use and potential interactions?

may decrease cholesterol, BP Interaction: - reduces clotting time - avoid use with warfarin

Ginger: use and interaction?

antiemetic Interaction: avoid use with drugs that affect bleeding

Ginkgo biloba: use and potential interaction?

vasodilation Interaction: avoid with warfarin

Ginseng: use and interaction?

immunity, endurance Interaction: high BP, avoid use with warfarin

Kava: use and interaction?

relieve anxiety Interaction: liver failure

What is the primary use of milk thistle?

may help protect the liver

St. John's Wort: use and interaction?

antidepressants, serotonin enhancing Interaction: - reduces effect of warfarin - avoid with antihypertensive, oral contraceptives, and some statins

Licorice root: use and interactions?

ulcers Interaction: - avoid combination with spironolactone, thiazide and loop diuretics AND hypertensives

Saw palmetto: use and interactions?

relieves symptoms of enlarged prostate Interactions: diuretics

valerian root: use and interactions?

calms nerves Interaction: avoid with liver disease

Yohimbe: use and interactions?

erectile dysfunction Interaction: elevates BP