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Labs Flashcards

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1
Q

Cockcroft-Gault CrCl formula?

A

[(140-age) × weight (kg)] ÷ [72 × serum Cr], ×0.85 if female

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2
Q

IBW formula for males?

A

50 + 2.3×(height in inches - 60)

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3
Q

IBW formula for females?

A

45.5 + 2.3×(height in inches - 60)

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4
Q

Adjusted Body Weight (ABW) formula?

A

IBW + 0.4×(Actual - IBW)

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5
Q

Normal BUN/Urea?

A

2.5–6.5 mmol/L

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6
Q

High BUN suggests?

A

Kidney dysfunction, dehydration

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7
Q

Low BUN suggests?

A

Liver disease, overhydration

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8
Q

Normal Creatinine?

A

60–120 µmol/L

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9
Q

High Creatinine suggests?

A

Kidney impairment

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10
Q

Low Creatinine suggests?

A

Low muscle mass, malnutrition

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11
Q

Normal eGFR?

A

> 90 mL/min

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12
Q

Low eGFR suggests?

A

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

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13
Q

Normal Sodium (Na⁺)?

A

135–145 mmol/L

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14
Q

Symptoms of low sodium?

A

Headache, nausea, confusion, seizures, fatigue

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15
Q

Causes of low sodium?

A

Excess water, diuretics, SIADH, vomiting/diarrhea

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16
Q

Symptoms of high sodium?

A

Thirst, confusion, twitching, seizures, coma

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17
Q

Causes of high sodium?

A

Dehydration, DI, hyperaldosteronism

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18
Q

Normal Potassium (K⁺)?

A

3.5–5.0 mmol/L

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19
Q

Symptoms of low potassium?

A

Cramps, fatigue, constipation, arrhythmias

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20
Q

Causes of low potassium?

A

Diuretics, vomiting/diarrhea, Cushing’s, CKD

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21
Q

Symptoms of high potassium?

A

Weakness, paralysis, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest

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22
Q

Causes of high potassium?

A

Renal failure, Addison’s, acidosis, tissue injury

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23
Q

Normal Chloride (Cl⁻)?

A

95–105 mmol/L

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24
Q

Symptoms of low chloride?

A

Dehydration, vomiting, metabolic alkalosis

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25
Symptoms of high chloride?
Dehydration, metabolic acidosis, kidney issues
26
Normal Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)?
22–29 mmol/L
27
Low bicarbonate suggests?
Metabolic acidosis
28
High bicarbonate suggests?
Metabolic alkalosis
29
Normal Calcium (Ca²⁺)?
2.1–2.6 mmol/L
30
Symptoms of low calcium?
Tetany, seizures, paresthesia, Chvostek/Trousseau signs
31
Symptoms of high calcium?
Bones, stones, groans, psychiatric overtones
32
Normal Magnesium (Mg²⁺)?
0.7–1.0 mmol/L
33
Low magnesium symptoms?
Tremors, tetany, seizures, arrhythmias
34
High magnesium symptoms?
Hyporeflexia, weakness, bradycardia
35
Normal Phosphate (PO₄³⁻)?
0.8–1.5 mmol/L
36
Low phosphate causes?
Refeeding syndrome, alcohol abuse, DKA recovery
37
High phosphate causes?
Renal failure, tumor lysis syndrome
38
Normal Hemoglobin (Hb)?
M: 130–180 g/L, F: 115–165 g/L
39
Low hemoglobin suggests?
Anemia, blood loss, chronic disease
40
High hemoglobin suggests?
Polycythemia, dehydration
41
Normal Hematocrit (Hct)?
M: 0.40–0.54, F: 0.37–0.47
42
Low hematocrit suggests?
Anemia
43
High hematocrit suggests?
Dehydration, polycythemia
44
Normal RBC count?
M: 4.7–6.1, F: 4.2–5.4 x10¹²/L
45
Low RBC count?
Anemia
46
High RBC count?
Polycythemia
47
Normal MCV?
80–100 fL
48
Low MCV indicates?
Microcytic anemia (iron deficiency, thalassemia)
49
High MCV indicates?
Macrocytic anemia (B12/folate deficiency)
50
Normal MCH?
27–33 pg
51
Normal MCHC?
320–360 g/L
52
Normal Reticulocyte count?
0.5–2.5%
53
High reticulocytes suggest?
Hemolysis or blood loss
54
Low reticulocytes suggest?
Bone marrow failure
55
Normal WBC count?
4.0–11.0 x10⁹/L
56
High WBC suggests?
Infection, inflammation, leukemia
57
Low WBC suggests?
Aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression
58
Neutrophils normal range?
2.0–7.5 x10⁹/L
59
High neutrophils suggest?
Bacterial infection, inflammation
60
Low neutrophils suggest?
Sepsis, chemo, aplastic anemia
61
Lymphocytes normal range?
1.0–3.0 x10⁹/L
62
High lymphocytes suggest?
Viral infection
63
Low lymphocytes suggest?
HIV, immunodeficiency
64
Monocytes normal range?
0.2–0.8 x10⁹/L
65
Eosinophils normal range?
0.04–0.4 x10⁹/L
66
High eosinophils suggest?
Allergies, parasitic infection
67
Basophils normal range?
0.01–0.1 x10⁹/L
68
Normal Platelet count?
150–400 x10⁹/L
69
Low platelets suggest?
ITP, sepsis, DIC
70
High platelets suggest?
Iron deficiency, inflammation
71
Normal PT?
11–13.5 seconds
72
Normal INR?
0.8–1.2 (target 2–3 for warfarin)
73
Normal aPTT?
25–35 seconds
74
Normal CRP?
<5 mg/L
75
High CRP indicates?
Inflammation, infection
76
Normal ESR?
M: <15 mm/hr, F: <20 mm/hr

Teja (19 decks)

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