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Pathophys quiz 2 > Labs and shit > Flashcards

Labs and shit Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of labs

A

establish diagnosis, rule out clinical problem, monitor therapy, establish prognosis, screen for disease, determine effective drug dosage / prevent toxicity

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2
Q

Arterial blood collection is used for what?

A

blood gases (ABG)

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3
Q

what 3 tests are used the most?

A

Basic metabolic panel (7), complete metabolic panel (14), and CBC

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4
Q

indications for CBC

A

routine work up, RBC related symptoms, WBC related symptoms, Platelet related symptoms

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5
Q

WBC increase from what type of infection?

A

bacterial

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6
Q

Leukocytosis (increased WBC)

A

infection, leukemia

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7
Q

Leukopenia (decreased WBC)

A

bone marrow failure, drugs, overwhelming infection, immunosuppressant

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8
Q

frequency of wbc

A

Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

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9
Q

PMN

A

phagocytes, 1st to respond to inflammation or infection
2 types, mature=segs, immature=bands.
increased during bacterial infection

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10
Q

pancytopenia

A

all CBC are decreased

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11
Q

Lymphocytes

A

B and T cells, involved in immune reactions, increase in viral infections, decreased is normal in 22% of population

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12
Q

Monocytes

A

active in disposing of foreign and waste material, esp. inflammation

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13
Q

eosinophils

A

respond to allergic run and parasitic infestations.

increased from allergy or parasites

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14
Q

basophils (mast cells)

A

respond to allergic and inflammatory rxn

increase is rare

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15
Q

most important RBCs

A

Hemoglobin and hematocrit

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16
Q

RBC

A
  • count of circulating RBCs
  • increases in heart or lung disease, dehydration (erythrocytosis-illeness, physiological response/high altitude)
  • decreases in kidney disease(anemia (>disease))
17
Q

Hemoglobin

A
  • Measure of total amount of Hg in the blood
  • increased- dehydration, polycythemia
  • Decreased- macrocyclic anemia (b12, folate def.), normocytic anemia, microcytic anemia (iron def.)
18
Q

Hematocrit

A
  • measure of the % of total blood volume that is made up of RBCs
  • increased- Polycythemia
  • Decreased- iron deficiency anemia, acute or chronic blood loss
19
Q

MCH

A
  • measure of avg. amount of Hg (wt.) within a RNC
  • increased- macrocytosis
  • decreased- microcytosis
20
Q

MCV (most important)

A
  • measure of avg. volume of single RBCs
  • Increased (macrocytosis)- megaloblastic anemia (b12, folate def.)
  • decreased (microcytosis)- iron def. anemia
  • normal (normocytosis)
  • decrease from chronic disease
  • if H&H is low and MCV is low then iron def. anemia is the cause
21
Q

MCHC/RDW

A
  • measure of avg [] or % of Hg within a single RBCs

- decreased= iron def. anemia

22
Q

Platelets

A
  • Bleeding and clotting disorders
  • increase- trauma
  • decreased- ITP or DIC or drugs
23
Q

ITP

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

24
Q

DIC

A

disseminated intravascular coagulation (very bad)

25
Q

CMP

A

BMP + liver tests

26
Q

increased Glucose

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphasic, unexplained weight loss, diabetes mellitus

27
Q

decreased glucose

A

h/a, visual changes, diaphoresis, confusion, tremor, palpitations, drugs

28
Q

BUN

A

evaluates kidney function

29
Q

Increased BUN

A

renal failure (acute or chronic)

30
Q

Creatinine

A

Evaluate kidney function

31
Q

increased creatinine

A

acute/chronic renal failure

32
Q

Sodium

A

major cation in the extracellular space

33
Q

increased sodium

A

dehydration (excessive sweating, severe V/D

34
Q

decreased sodium

A

CHF, Cirrhosis, V/D, drugs

35
Q

Chloride

A

major extracellular anion

36
Q

decreased chloride

A

V/D, over-treatment w/ diuretics

37
Q

Potassium

A

major cation within the cell

38
Q

increased potassium

A

acute/chronic renal failure

39
Q

decreased potassium

A

prolonged V/D

Pathophys quiz 2 (4 decks)

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