Lachmans TEST REVIEW (PERSONAL Pelvis) Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is meant by anteversion of the uterus?
It’s the anterior angle (more than 90°) between the cervix and the vagina when adjacent organs (bladder and rectum) are empty.
The cervical opening faces posteriorly.
What is meant by anteflexion of the uterus?
It’s the anterior bend between the uterine body and the cervix.
What happens to uterine position when the bladder fills?
Uterus becomes retroverted or retroflexed (elevated by the bladder).
What happens to uterine position when the rectum fills?
Increased anteversion and anteflexion.
How does intra-abdominal pressure affect the cervix?
Accentuates the downward displacement of the cervix.
What muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani and coccygeus, covered by deep fascia.
What are the muscles of the Levator Ani?
Puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus
What passes through the urogenital hiatus?
Vagina and urethra.
What are cardinal ligaments and what do they do?
Condensations of parametrial connective tissue at the base of the broad ligaments; they support the cervix and upper vagina.
Where do cardinal ligaments extend from and to?
Lateral pelvic wall to the cervix and upper vagina.
What are uterosacral ligaments?
Ligaments that are continuous with the cardinal ligaments and extend posteriorly to the sacrum.
Which fasciae provide additional support to the uterus and vagina?
Vesicovaginal and urethrovaginal septa.
How does the uterine artery relate to the ureter?
Uterine artery (from the internal iliac a.) crosses superior to the ureter and gives off a small branch to it.
What is the course of the vaginal artery relative to the ureter?
Vaginal artery (from internal iliac and uterine a.) passes immediately inferior to the ureter
What are the components of the spermatic cord?
Ductus deferens
Artery and vein of ductus deferens
Testicular artery and nerves
Pampiniform plexus
Lymph vessels
Nerves to the epididymis
Remnants of processus vaginalis
What is the structure and function of the ductus deferens?
Has a thick muscular wall (inner and outer longitudinal, middle circular layer)
Propels sperm into the prostatic urethra via peristalsis during ejaculation
Where is the epididymis located and what is its function?
Located posterior to the testis
A coiled tube that stores sperm prior to ejaculation
What is the pampiniform plexus and its function?
A venous plexus of 8–10 veins around the testicular artery
Helps with cooling of arterial blood entering the testes
What are the three fascial layers of the spermatic cord and their origins?
Internal spermatic fascia – from transversalis fascia
Cremasteric fascia and muscle – from internal oblique
External spermatic fascia – from external oblique aponeurosis
What is the artery of the ductus deferens and its source?
Branch of the vesicle artery
Travels from the pelvis through the inguinal canal to the testis
What are the three arteries supplying the testes?
Testicular artery (from abdominal aorta) – main supply
Artery of ductus deferens (from vesicle artery) – anastomoses at tail of epididymis
Cremasteric artery (from inferior epigastric artery) – supplies coverings and scrotal sac
What gland contributes 60% of semen volume and what does it secrete?
Seminal vesicles
Viscous fluid with fructose, prostaglandins, and proteins
How are the ejaculatory ducts formed and where do they empty?
Formed by union of ductus deferens and seminal vesicle duct
Empty into the prostatic urethra
What does the prostate gland contribute to semen?
Produces fluid that enhances sperm motility
