Language processing Flashcards
What is the metrical foot
A strong syllable followed by a weak syllable, most words that have a meaning follow this in ENGLISH
Grammatical words, its, if, do, DONOT follow this
So this can be used to find boundaries
What is a pre lexical model?
Within segmentation in the speech stream,
It is the characteristics within the speech stream that may indicate a boundary
What is the mental lexicon
It is like a store for words and meanings, recognising words means accessing the mental fast
Cutler and otake
Found French and Japanese had a different rhythms suggesting we ‘tune in’ to our own native language early in childhood and so segment according rhythmic characteristics.
Cutler and Norris
Word spotting
Found that people make use of rhythms of English to identify boundaries they tune in
Segmenting speech
What is a lexical
Segmentation is guided by knowledge of how the word sounds
Parallel activation
Speech is evaluated and re evaluated against a number of potential candidates
Word recognition
Spoken
Marslen -Wilson 1987
Filter
Match words stored first part of word then the next part like a filer till it gets to the uniqueness point
Cohort model
Cross-model priming
Word recognition
Spoken prime word
Followed by a visual target word
Be a fast as can to see if it is a real word
Found that we can access a word before the uniqueness point so means we have access briefly of meaning to other words
Marslen-Wilson
Gaskell and marslen-Wilson
Argue that marslen Wilson 1987 model suggesting that it must be limited
Saffran et al
Segmenting and speech stream
Head turning infants Percieved an artificial language of three syllable nonsense words
Found infants could pick out words from stream of syllables in 2 min. Suggesting they are attending to info on co occurrence syllables. Ability to learn statical info from patterns in universal
What is the key characteristic to speech perception?
Access to too much rather then too little info to improve the chances to correct meaning being found as fast as pos
What is lexical competition
This was used as an alternative to the cohort model
It uses a activation and a competition metaphor to describe recognition.
What do I mean by the activation level
This is to do with the lexical competition
Each word has a activation level during recognition reflecting the possibility of it being that word, it is different from the cohort model as that is a simple member/not a member paradigm.
