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ANTH 1220 > Last Chapters + Film > Flashcards

Last Chapters + Film Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

what is animalism?

A

a religious system organized around a belief in an impersonal supernatural force

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2
Q

what is animism?

A

a religious system organized around a belief that plants, animals, inanimate objects, or natural phenomena have a spiritual or supernatural element

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3
Q

what is anthropomorphic?

A

an object or being that has human characteristics

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4
Q

what is a cargo cult?

A

rituals seeking to attract material prosperity

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5
Q

what is collective effervescence?

A

passion/energy arising when groups of people share the same thoughts and emotions

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6
Q

what is cosmology?

A

an explanation for the origin/history of the world

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7
Q

what is cultural appropriation?

A

act of copying an idea from another culture and in the process distorting its meaning

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8
Q

what is filial piety?

A

a tradition requiring that the young provide care for the elderly and in some cases ancestral spirits

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9
Q

what is magic?

A

practices intended to bring supernatural forces under one’s personal control

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10
Q

what are millenarians?

A

people who believe that major transformations of the world are imminent

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11
Q

what are monotheistic religious systems?

A

recognize a single supreme God

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12
Q

what are polytheistic religious systems?

A

recognize several gods

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13
Q

what are priests?

A

full-time religious practitioners

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14
Q

what is profane?

A

objects/ideas are ordinary and can be treated with disregard/contempt

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15
Q

what is a prophet?

A

someone claiming to have direct communication with eh supernatural realm and who can communicate divine messages to others

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16
Q

what is reincarnation?

A

the idea that a living being can begin another life in a new body after death

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17
Q

what is religion?

A

extension of human society and culture to include the supernatural

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18
Q

what are revitalization rituals?

A

attempts to resolve serious problems through a spiritual/supernatural intervention

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19
Q

what are rites of intensification?

A

actions designed to bring a community together, often following a period of crisis

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20
Q

what are rites of passage?

A

ceremonies designed to transition individuals between life stages

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21
Q

what does it mean for objects/ideas to be sacred?

A

set apart from the ordinary and treated with great respect/care

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22
Q

what is a shaman?

A

a part time religious practitioner who carries out religious rituals when needed, but also participates in the normal work of the community

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23
Q

what is a sorcerer?

A

an individual who seeks to use magic for their own purpose

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24
Q

what is the supernatural?

A

entities/forces not governed by natural laws

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25
what does zoomorphic mean?
an object or being that has animal characteristics
26
what is a commodity chain?
series of steps a food takes from location where it's produced to the store where it's sold to consumers
27
what is an ethnoscape?
flow of people across boundaries
28
what is financescape?
flow of money across political borders
29
what is the Global North?
wealthier countries of the world (aka First World countries)
30
what is the Global South?
poorest countries of the world
31
what is glocalization?
adaptation of global ideas into locally palatable forms
32
what are habitus?
dispositions, attitudes, or preferences that are learned basis for personal taste and lifestyles
33
what is an ideoscape?
global flow of ideas
34
what is a mediascape?
flow of media across borders
35
what is neoliberalism?
ideology of free-market capitalism emphasizing privatization and unregulated markets
36
what is syncretism?
combo of different beliefs, even those that are seemingly contradictory, into a new harmonious whole
37
what is technoscape?
global flows of technology
38
what is cultural infrastructure?
values and beliefs of communities, states, and/or societies that make the imagining of a particular type of network possible
39
what is fabrication?
technique for reporting on research data involving mixing info provided by various people into a narrative account demonstrating the point of focus for researchers
40
what is Indigenous media?
media produced by and for Indigenous communities often outside of the commercial mainstream
41
what is mass communication?
one-to-many communication that privileges the sender and/or owner of the technology transmitting the media
42
what is media?
set of technologies connecting multiple people at one time to shared content
43
what are media practices?
habits/behaviours of people producing media, the audiences interacting, and everyone in between
44
what is technical infrastructure?
apparatuses bringing networks of technology into existence
45
what is photo voice?
research method putting cameras into people's hands so they can make their own representations of their lives and activities
46
what are adaptive traits?
those that increase capacity to survive and reproduce
47
what is bicultural evolution?
interactions between biology and culture that have influenced human evolution
48
what is biomedical?
approach to medicine based on the application of insights from science
49
what is communal healing?
directs the combined efforts of the community toward treating illness
50
what is culture-bound syndrome?
illness recognized only within a specific culture
51
what is emotionalistic explanation?
illnesses are caused by strong emotions
52
what is epidemiological transition?
sharp drop in mortality rates as a result of improved sanitation and access to healthcare
53
what is ethno-etiology?
cultural explanations about the underlying causes of health problems
54
what is ethnomedicine?
comparative study of cultural ideas about wellness, illness, and healing
55
what is humeral healing?
seeks to treat illness by achieving a balance between the forces of the body
56
what are maladaptive traits?
decrease capacity to survive and reproduce
57
what is medical anthropology?
distinct sub-speciality within the discipline of anthro investigating human health and health care systems in comparative perspective
58
what is naturalistic ethno-etiology?
views disease as the result of natural forces
59
what is personalistic ethno-etiology?
views disease as the result of the actions of human/supernatural beings
60
what is the placebo effect?
response to treatment occurring because the person receiving the treatment believes it will work, not because of the treatment itself
61
what is a somatic?
symptoms that are physical manifestations of emotional pain
62
what's a zoonotic?
diseases that have origins in animals and are transmitted to humans
63
what are the characteristics of the Sundance?
- annual ritual - originated as initiation/rite of passage for boys becoming men - among foragers - communitive healing
64
why did the government attempt to wipe out the buffalo herds and how is this connected to the Sundance?
- plains communities were dependent on buffalo for many resources and were spiritually grounded in them - efforts for Indigenous people to be civilized
65
how did Sundancers rationalize the transfer of what was originally a Plains tradition to the East Coast?
unity

ANTH 1220 (11 decks)

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