Chapter 3

Question 1

what is the most important method by which cultural authors gather data?

Answer 1

fieldwork

Question 2

what is cultural determinism?

Answer 2

people’s behaviour is determined by culture and environment only, biology has a little role

Question 3

what did the Body Ritual Among the Nacirema exhibit?

Answer 3

satire of how anthers write about the “other” in a way making them seem exotic

Question 4

what is a thick description?

Answer 4

explaining behaviour/cultural event in context it occurs and its anthro interpretation of it

Question 5

what is participant-observation?

Answer 5

participating in activities with people being studied

Question 6

what is an emic description?

Answer 6

insider perspective

Question 7

what is an etic description?

Answer 7

outsider/observer perspective

Question 8

what is verandas?

Answer 8

observations from far-away (on the porch)

Question 9

what did Sir James Frazer believe in the Golden Bough?

Answer 9

mankind progresses from magic to religious belief to scientific thought

Question 10

what was the problem with The Golden Bough by Sir James Frazer?

Answer 10

he didn’t do research himself and his info wasn’t anthropological

Question 11

what is salvage ethnography?

Answer 11

sought to preserve, document, collect artifacts of cultures researchers believe are disappearing

Question 12

what is the image of a noble savage?

Answer 12

Indigenous people are innocent and uncorrupted by negative characteristics of civilization

Question 13

what is holism?

Answer 13

integrating all aspects of culture in order to understand the complex whole

Question 14

what is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Answer 14

language determines perception and categorization of experience

Question 15

what are critiques of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

Answer 15

deterministic and assumes lack of agency

Question 16

what is diasporas?

Answer 16

geographical scattering of migrators and the groups they form in certain locations

Question 17

what is multi-sited ethnography?

Answer 17

research conducted in multiple locations

Question 18

what is the idea behind multi-sited ethnography?

Answer 18

people don’t just live in one realm, we live in different settings and contexts

Question 19

what is problem-oriented research and does it use deductive/inductive approaches?

Answer 19

research occurs before study and illuminates a certain issue; uses a deductive approach

Question 20

what is a deductive approach?

Answer 20

a previously-identified issue guides the study

Question 21

what is an inductive approach?

Answer 21

focus of the study emerges during time in the field

Question 22

what is a pro of quantitative methods?

Answer 22

able to reach large population and typically more valid

Question 23

what is the guiding philosophy of anthropology?

Answer 23

cultural relativism

Question 24

what is objective/activist anthropology?

Answer 24

aims to help others while researching

Question 25

what does symbolic and interpretive anthropology believe?

Answer 25

there is no objectivity and culture is like a body of "texts"

Question 26

what is genealogy?

Answer 26

connections of kinship and overall social system

Question 27

what is the Ego in a kinship chart?

Answer 27

individual all relationships in the chart relate to

Question 28

what are the ethical considerations in the Code of Ethics?

Answer 28

- informed consent - accessibility of results - benefit to community - do no harm - anonymity and confidentiality

Question 29

what is ethnographic authority?

Answer 29

how ethnographers present themselves and their informants in their text

Question 30

what is polyvocality?

Answer 30

to have more than one perspective

Question 31

what is reflexivity?

Answer 31

to acknowledge impossibility of objectivity and how there will always be factors impacting research and analyses

Question 32

what is contested identity?

Answer 32

dispute within a group about collective identity or identities of the group

Question 33

who are key informants?

Answer 33

people more knowledgable about their culture than others and who are particularly helpful to the anthro

Question 34

what is land tenure?

Answer 34

how property rights to land are allocated within societies

Question 35

what are remittances?

Answer 35

money that migrants send back to their hometowns and families

Question 36

what does it mean to be undocumented?

Answer 36

living in a country without formal authorization from the state